Initial Windows agent repository
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OGP64/usr/share/doc/groff-1.24.1/html/pic-15.html
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<!-- Creator : groff version 1.24.1 -->
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<!-- CreationDate: Mon Mar 16 21:28:01 2026 -->
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see www.gnu.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css">
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<style type="text/css">
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p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
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pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
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table { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
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h1 { text-align: center }
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</style>
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<title>pic-15.html</title>
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</head>
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<hr>
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[ <a href="pic-14.html">prev</a> | <a href="pic-16.html">next</a> | <a href="pic.html">top</a> ]
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<hr>
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<h2>15. Import/Export Commands
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<a name="15. Import/Export Commands"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">Commands
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that import or export data between <b>pic</b> and its
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environment are described here.</font></p>
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<h3>15.1. File and Table Insertion
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<a name="15.1. File and Table Insertion"></a>
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</h3>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">The
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statement</font></p>
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<p style="margin-left:28%; margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">copy
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<i>filename</i></font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">inserts
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the contents of <i>filename</i> in the <b>pic</b> input
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stream. Any <b>.PS</b>/<b>.PE</b> pair in the file is
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ignored. You can use this to include pre-generated
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images.</font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">A variant
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of this statement replicates the <b>copy thru</b> feature of
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<i>grap</i>(1). The call</font></p>
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<p style="margin-left:28%; margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">copy
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<i>filename</i> thru <i>macro</i></font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">calls
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<i>macro</i> (which may be either a name or replacement
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text) on the arguments obtained by breaking each line of the
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file into blank-separated fields. The macro may have up to
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9 arguments. The replacement text may be delimited by
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braces or by a pair of instances of any character not
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appearing in the rest of the text.</font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">If you
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write</font></p>
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<p style="margin-left:28%; margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">copy
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thru <i>macro</i></font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">omitting
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the filename, lines to be parsed are taken from the input
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source up to the next <b>.PE</b>.</font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">In either
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of the last two <b>copy</b> commands, GNU <b>gpic</b>
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permits a trailing ‘<b>until</b> <i>word</i>’
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clause to be added which terminates the copy when the first
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word matches the argument (the default behavior is therefore
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equivalent to <b>until .PE</b>).</font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">Accordingly,
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the command</font></p>
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<p style="margin-left:37%; margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">.PS
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<br>
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copy thru % circle at ($1,$2) % until "END" <br>
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1 2 <br>
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3 4 <br>
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5 6 <br>
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END <br>
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box <br>
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.PE</font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">is
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equivalent to</font></p>
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<p style="margin-left:37%; margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">.PS
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<br>
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circle at (1,2) <br>
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circle at (3,4) <br>
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circle at (5,6) <br>
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box <br>
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.PE</font></p>
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<h3>15.2. Debug Messages
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<a name="15.2. Debug Messages"></a>
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</h3>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">The
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command <b>print</b> accepts any number of arguments,
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catenates their output forms, and writes the result to
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standard error. Each argument must be an expression, a
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position, or a text string.</font></p>
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<h3>15.3. Escape to Post-Processor
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<a name="15.3. Escape to Post-Processor"></a>
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</h3>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">If you
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write</font></p>
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<p style="margin-left:28%; margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000"><b>command</b>
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<i>arg</i>...</font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000"><b>pic</b>
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concatenates the arguments and pass them through as a line
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to troff or TeX. Each <i>arg</i> must be an expression, a
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position, or text. This has a similar effect to a line
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beginning with <b>.</b> or <b>\</b>, but allows the values
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of variables to be passed through.</font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">For
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example,</font></p>
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<p style="margin-left:28%; margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">.PS
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<br>
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x = 14 <br>
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command ".ds string x is " x "." <br>
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.PE <br>
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\*[string]</font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">prints</font></p>
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<p style="margin-left:28%; margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">x
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is 14.</font></p>
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<h3>15.4. Executing Shell Commands
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<a name="15.4. Executing Shell Commands"></a>
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</h3>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">The
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command</font></p>
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<p style="margin-left:28%; margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">sh
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{ <i>anything...</i> }</font></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">macro-expands
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the text in braces, then executes it as a shell command.
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This could be used to generate images or data tables for
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later inclusion. The delimiters shown as {} here may also be
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two copies of any one character not present in the shell
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command text. In either case, the body may contain balanced
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{} pairs. Strings in the body may contain balanced or
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unbalanced braces in any case.</font></p>
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<hr>
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[ <a href="pic-14.html">prev</a> | <a href="pic-16.html">next</a> | <a href="pic.html">top</a> ]
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