1286 lines
42 KiB
HTML
1286 lines
42 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
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<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 10.2.0" />
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<title>gitprotocol-http(5)</title>
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<style type="text/css">
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/* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
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/* Default font. */
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body {
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font-family: Georgia,serif;
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}
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/* Title font. */
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h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
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div.title, caption.title,
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thead, p.table.header,
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#toctitle,
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#author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
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#footer {
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font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
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}
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body {
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margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
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}
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a {
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color: blue;
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text-decoration: underline;
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}
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a:visited {
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color: fuchsia;
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}
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em {
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font-style: italic;
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color: navy;
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}
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strong {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #083194;
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}
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h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
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color: #527bbd;
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margin-top: 1.2em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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line-height: 1.3;
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}
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h1, h2, h3 {
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border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
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}
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h2 {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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}
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h3 {
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float: left;
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}
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h3 + * {
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clear: left;
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}
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h5 {
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font-size: 1.0em;
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}
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div.sectionbody {
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margin-left: 0;
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}
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hr {
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border: 1px solid silver;
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}
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p {
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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ul, ol, li > p {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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ul > li { color: #aaa; }
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ul > li > * { color: black; }
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.monospaced, code, pre {
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font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
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font-size: inherit;
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color: navy;
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padding: 0;
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margin: 0;
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}
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pre {
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white-space: pre-wrap;
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}
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#author {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-weight: bold;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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}
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#email {
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}
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#revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
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}
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#footer {
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font-size: small;
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border-top: 2px solid silver;
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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margin-top: 4.0em;
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}
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#footer-text {
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float: left;
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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#footer-badges {
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float: right;
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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#preamble {
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margin-top: 1.5em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
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div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
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div.admonitionblock {
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.admonitionblock {
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margin-top: 2.0em;
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margin-bottom: 2.0em;
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margin-right: 10%;
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color: #606060;
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}
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div.content { /* Block element content. */
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padding: 0;
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}
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/* Block element titles. */
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div.title, caption.title {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-weight: bold;
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text-align: left;
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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div.title + * {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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td div.title:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.content div.title:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.content + div.title {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.sidebarblock > div.content {
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background: #ffffee;
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border: 1px solid #dddddd;
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border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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div.listingblock > div.content {
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border: 1px solid #dddddd;
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border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
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background: #f8f8f8;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
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padding-left: 1.0em;
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margin-left: 1.0em;
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margin-right: 10%;
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border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
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color: #888;
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}
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div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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text-align: right;
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}
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div.verseblock > pre.content {
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font-family: inherit;
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font-size: inherit;
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}
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div.verseblock > div.attribution {
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padding-top: 0.75em;
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text-align: left;
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}
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/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
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div.verseblock + div.attribution {
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text-align: left;
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}
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div.admonitionblock .icon {
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vertical-align: top;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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font-weight: bold;
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text-decoration: underline;
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color: #527bbd;
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padding-right: 0.5em;
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}
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div.admonitionblock td.content {
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padding-left: 0.5em;
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border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
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}
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div.exampleblock > div.content {
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border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
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padding-left: 0.5em;
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}
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div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
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span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
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a.image:visited { color: white; }
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dl {
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margin-top: 0.8em;
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margin-bottom: 0.8em;
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}
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dt {
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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margin-bottom: 0;
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font-style: normal;
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color: navy;
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}
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dd > *:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.1em;
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}
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ul, ol {
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list-style-position: outside;
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}
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ol.arabic {
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list-style-type: decimal;
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}
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ol.loweralpha {
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list-style-type: lower-alpha;
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}
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ol.upperalpha {
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list-style-type: upper-alpha;
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}
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ol.lowerroman {
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list-style-type: lower-roman;
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}
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ol.upperroman {
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list-style-type: upper-roman;
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}
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div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
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div.compact p, div.compact p,
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div.compact div, div.compact div {
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margin-top: 0.1em;
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margin-bottom: 0.1em;
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}
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tfoot {
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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td > div.verse {
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white-space: pre;
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}
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div.hdlist {
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margin-top: 0.8em;
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margin-bottom: 0.8em;
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}
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div.hdlist tr {
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padding-bottom: 15px;
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}
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dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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td.hdlist1 {
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vertical-align: top;
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font-style: normal;
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padding-right: 0.8em;
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color: navy;
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}
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td.hdlist2 {
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vertical-align: top;
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}
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div.hdlist.compact tr {
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margin: 0;
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padding-bottom: 0;
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}
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.comment {
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background: yellow;
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}
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.footnote, .footnoteref {
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font-size: 0.8em;
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}
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span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
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vertical-align: super;
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}
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#footnotes {
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margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
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padding: 7px 0 0 0;
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}
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#footnotes div.footnote {
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margin: 0 0 5px 0;
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}
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#footnotes hr {
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border: none;
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border-top: 1px solid silver;
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height: 1px;
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text-align: left;
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margin-left: 0;
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width: 20%;
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min-width: 100px;
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}
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div.colist td {
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padding-right: 0.5em;
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padding-bottom: 0.3em;
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vertical-align: top;
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}
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div.colist td img {
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margin-top: 0.3em;
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}
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@media print {
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#footer-badges { display: none; }
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}
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#toc {
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margin-bottom: 2.5em;
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}
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#toctitle {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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font-weight: bold;
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 0.1em;
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}
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div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
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margin-top: 0;
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margin-bottom: 0;
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}
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div.toclevel2 {
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margin-left: 2em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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div.toclevel3 {
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margin-left: 4em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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div.toclevel4 {
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margin-left: 6em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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span.aqua { color: aqua; }
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span.black { color: black; }
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span.blue { color: blue; }
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span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
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span.gray { color: gray; }
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span.green { color: green; }
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span.lime { color: lime; }
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span.maroon { color: maroon; }
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span.navy { color: navy; }
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span.olive { color: olive; }
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span.purple { color: purple; }
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span.red { color: red; }
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span.silver { color: silver; }
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span.teal { color: teal; }
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span.white { color: white; }
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span.yellow { color: yellow; }
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span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
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span.black-background { background: black; }
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span.blue-background { background: blue; }
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span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
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span.gray-background { background: gray; }
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span.green-background { background: green; }
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span.lime-background { background: lime; }
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span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
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span.navy-background { background: navy; }
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span.olive-background { background: olive; }
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span.purple-background { background: purple; }
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span.red-background { background: red; }
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span.silver-background { background: silver; }
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span.teal-background { background: teal; }
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span.white-background { background: white; }
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span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
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span.big { font-size: 2em; }
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span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
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span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
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span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
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span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
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div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
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/*
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* xhtml11 specific
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*
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* */
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div.tableblock {
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.tableblock > table {
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border: 3px solid #527bbd;
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}
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thead, p.table.header {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #527bbd;
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}
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p.table {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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/* Because the table frame attribute is overridden by CSS in most browsers. */
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div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
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border-style: none;
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}
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div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
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border-left-style: none;
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border-right-style: none;
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}
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div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
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border-top-style: none;
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border-bottom-style: none;
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}
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/*
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* html5 specific
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*
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* */
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table.tableblock {
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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thead, p.tableblock.header {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #527bbd;
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}
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p.tableblock {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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table.tableblock {
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border-width: 3px;
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border-spacing: 0px;
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border-style: solid;
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border-color: #527bbd;
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border-collapse: collapse;
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}
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th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
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border-width: 1px;
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padding: 4px;
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border-style: solid;
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border-color: #527bbd;
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}
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table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
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border-left-style: hidden;
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border-right-style: hidden;
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}
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table.tableblock.frame-sides {
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border-top-style: hidden;
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border-bottom-style: hidden;
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}
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|
table.tableblock.frame-none {
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border-style: hidden;
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}
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th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
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text-align: left;
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}
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th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
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text-align: center;
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}
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th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
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text-align: right;
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}
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|
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|
th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
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vertical-align: top;
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|
}
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|
th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
|
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vertical-align: middle;
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}
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|
th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
|
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vertical-align: bottom;
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}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
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* manpage specific
|
|
*
|
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* */
|
|
|
|
body.manpage h1 {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
|
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
|
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border-top: 2px solid silver;
|
|
border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
|
|
}
|
|
body.manpage h2 {
|
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border-style: none;
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|
}
|
|
body.manpage div.sectionbody {
|
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margin-left: 3em;
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|
}
|
|
|
|
@media print {
|
|
body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
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|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
</style>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
/*<+'])');
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|
// Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
|
|
// nodeIterator API would be a better technique but not supported by all
|
|
// browsers).
|
|
var iterate = function (el) {
|
|
for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
|
|
if (i.nodeType == 1 /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */) {
|
|
var mo = re.exec(i.tagName);
|
|
if (mo && (i.getAttribute("class") || i.getAttribute("className")) != "float") {
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result[result.length] = new TocEntry(i, getText(i), mo[1]-1);
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}
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iterate(i);
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}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
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iterate(el);
|
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return result;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
var toc = document.getElementById("toc");
|
|
if (!toc) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Delete existing TOC entries in case we're reloading the TOC.
|
|
var tocEntriesToRemove = [];
|
|
var i;
|
|
for (i = 0; i < toc.childNodes.length; i++) {
|
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var entry = toc.childNodes[i];
|
|
if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div'
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&& entry.getAttribute("class")
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&& entry.getAttribute("class").match(/^toclevel/))
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tocEntriesToRemove.push(entry);
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}
|
|
for (i = 0; i < tocEntriesToRemove.length; i++) {
|
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toc.removeChild(tocEntriesToRemove[i]);
|
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}
|
|
|
|
// Rebuild TOC entries.
|
|
var entries = tocEntries(document.getElementById("content"), toclevels);
|
|
for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
|
|
var entry = entries[i];
|
|
if (entry.element.id == "")
|
|
entry.element.id = "_toc_" + i;
|
|
var a = document.createElement("a");
|
|
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// Because JavaScript has no s (dotall) regex flag.
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note = spans[i].innerHTML.match(/\s*\[([\s\S]*)]\s*/)[1];
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"' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
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noteholder.innerHTML +=
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"<div class='footnote' id='_footnote_" + n + "'>" +
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"<a href='#_footnoteref_" + n + "' title='Return to text'>" +
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n + "</a>. " + note + "</div>";
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"[<a href='#_footnote_" + n +
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"' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
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|
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|
|
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|
|
/*]]>*/
|
|
</script>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>
|
|
gitprotocol-http(5) Manual Page
|
|
</h1>
|
|
<h2>NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>gitprotocol-http -
|
|
Git HTTP-based protocols
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><over-the-wire-protocol></pre>
|
|
<div class="attribution">
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Git supports two HTTP based transfer protocols. A "dumb" protocol
|
|
which requires only a standard HTTP server on the server end of the
|
|
connection, and a "smart" protocol which requires a Git aware CGI
|
|
(or server module). This document describes both protocols.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>As a design feature smart clients can automatically upgrade "dumb"
|
|
protocol URLs to smart URLs. This permits all users to have the
|
|
same published URL, and the peers automatically select the most
|
|
efficient transport available to them.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_url_format">URL Format</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>URLs for Git repositories accessed by HTTP use the standard HTTP
|
|
URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>http://<host>:<port>/<path>?<searchpart></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Within this documentation the placeholder <code>$GIT_URL</code> will stand for
|
|
the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching <code>$GIT_URL</code>, as
|
|
both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate
|
|
by appending additional path components onto the end of the user
|
|
supplied <code>$GIT_URL</code> string.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>An example of a dumb client requesting a loose object:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$GIT_URL: http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git
|
|
URL request: http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git/objects/d0/49f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>An example of a smart request to a catch-all gateway:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$GIT_URL: http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=
|
|
URL request: http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=/info/refs&service=git-receive-pack</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>An example of a request to a submodule:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$GIT_URL: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git
|
|
URL request: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST strip a trailing <code>/</code>, if present, from the user supplied
|
|
<code>$GIT_URL</code> string to prevent empty path tokens (<code>//</code>) from appearing
|
|
in any URL sent to a server. Compatible clients MUST expand
|
|
<code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code> as <code>foo/info/refs</code> and not <code>foo//info/refs</code>.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_authentication">Authentication</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Standard HTTP authentication is used if authentication is required
|
|
to access a repository, and MAY be configured and enforced by the
|
|
HTTP server software.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Because Git repositories are accessed by standard path components
|
|
server administrators MAY use directory based permissions within
|
|
their HTTP server to control repository access.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients SHOULD support Basic authentication as described by RFC 2617.
|
|
Servers SHOULD support Basic authentication by relying upon the
|
|
HTTP server placed in front of the Git server software.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers SHOULD NOT require HTTP cookies for the purposes of
|
|
authentication or access control.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients and servers MAY support other common forms of HTTP based
|
|
authentication, such as Digest authentication.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_ssl">SSL</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients and servers SHOULD support SSL, particularly to protect
|
|
passwords when relying on Basic HTTP authentication.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_session_state">Session State</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The Git over HTTP protocol (much like HTTP itself) is stateless
|
|
from the perspective of the HTTP server side. All state MUST be
|
|
retained and managed by the client process. This permits simple
|
|
round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to
|
|
worry about state management.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in
|
|
order to function correctly.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers MUST NOT require HTTP cookies in order to function correctly.
|
|
Clients MAY store and forward HTTP cookies during request processing
|
|
as described by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1). Servers SHOULD ignore any
|
|
cookies sent by a client.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_general_request_processing">General Request Processing</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed
|
|
by both client and server. This includes (but is not necessarily
|
|
limited to):</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If there is no repository at <code>$GIT_URL</code>, or the resource pointed to by a
|
|
location matching <code>$GIT_URL</code> does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond
|
|
with <code>200</code> <code>OK</code> response. A server SHOULD respond with
|
|
<code>404</code> <code>Not</code> <code>Found</code>, <code>410</code> <code>Gone</code>, or any other suitable HTTP status code
|
|
which does not imply the resource exists as requested.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If there is a repository at <code>$GIT_URL</code>, but access is not currently
|
|
permitted, the server MUST respond with the <code>403</code> <code>Forbidden</code> HTTP
|
|
status code.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
|
|
Servers SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
|
|
bodies.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
|
|
Clients SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
|
|
bodies.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since
|
|
and/or If-None-Match request headers.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers MAY return <code>304</code> <code>Not</code> <code>Modified</code> if the relevant headers appear
|
|
in the request and the entity has not changed. Clients MUST treat
|
|
<code>304</code> <code>Not</code> <code>Modified</code> identical to <code>200</code> <code>OK</code> by reusing the cached entity.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the
|
|
Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching. Clients and
|
|
servers MUST follow RFC 2616 for cache controls.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_discovering_references">Discovering References</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>All HTTP clients MUST begin either a fetch or a push exchange by
|
|
discovering the references available on the remote repository.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_dumb_clients">Dumb Clients</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover
|
|
references by making a request for the special info/refs file of
|
|
the repository.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a <code>GET</code> request to <code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code>,
|
|
without any search/query parameters.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>S: 200 OK
|
|
S:
|
|
S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint
|
|
S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master
|
|
S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0
|
|
S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be
|
|
<code>text/plain</code>; <code>charset=utf-8</code>, but MAY be any content type.
|
|
Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type.
|
|
Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with
|
|
<code>application/x-git-</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the
|
|
returned entity.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP
|
|
status code. Valid responses are <code>200</code> <code>OK</code>, or <code>304</code> <code>Not</code> <code>Modified</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing
|
|
each ref and its known value. The file SHOULD be sorted by name
|
|
according to the C locale ordering. The file SHOULD NOT include
|
|
the default ref named <code>HEAD</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>info_refs = *( ref_record )
|
|
ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>any_ref = obj-id HTAB refname LF
|
|
peeled_ref = obj-id HTAB refname LF
|
|
obj-id HTAB refname "^{}" LF</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_smart_clients">Smart Clients</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the
|
|
"smart" and "dumb" protocols) MUST discover references by making
|
|
a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter,
|
|
<code>service=$servicename</code>, where <code>$servicename</code> MUST be the service
|
|
name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation.
|
|
The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>dumb server reply:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>S: 200 OK
|
|
S:
|
|
S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint
|
|
S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master
|
|
S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0
|
|
S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>smart server reply:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>S: 200 OK
|
|
S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
|
|
S: Cache-Control: no-cache
|
|
S:
|
|
S: 001e# service=git-upload-pack\n
|
|
S: 0000
|
|
S: 004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint\0multi_ack\n
|
|
S: 003fd049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master\n
|
|
S: 003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0\n
|
|
S: 003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}\n
|
|
S: 0000</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The client may send Extra Parameters (see
|
|
<a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>) as a colon-separated string
|
|
in the Git-Protocol HTTP header.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Uses the <code>--http-backend-info-refs</code> option to
|
|
<a href="git-upload-pack.html">git-upload-pack(1)</a>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_dumb_server_response">Dumb Server Response</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Dumb servers MUST respond with the dumb server reply format.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>See the prior section under dumb clients for a more detailed
|
|
description of the dumb server response.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_smart_server_response">Smart Server Response</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the
|
|
requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator,
|
|
the server MUST respond with the <code>403</code> <code>Forbidden</code> HTTP status code.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply
|
|
format for the requested service name.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the
|
|
returned entity.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The Content-Type MUST be <code>application/x-$servicename-advertisement</code>.
|
|
Clients SHOULD fall back to the dumb protocol if another content
|
|
type is returned. When falling back to the dumb protocol clients
|
|
SHOULD NOT make an additional request to <code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code>, but
|
|
instead SHOULD use the response already in hand. Clients MUST NOT
|
|
continue if they do not support the dumb protocol.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST validate the status code is either <code>200</code> <code>OK</code> or
|
|
<code>304</code> <code>Not</code> <code>Modified</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity
|
|
matches the regex <code>^</code>[<code>0-9a-f</code>]{4}#. If this test fails, clients
|
|
MUST NOT continue.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line
|
|
records.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is # <code>service=$servicename</code>.
|
|
Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value.
|
|
Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line.
|
|
Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic <code>0000</code> end
|
|
pkt-line marker.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and
|
|
its known value. The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to
|
|
the C locale ordering. The stream SHOULD include the default ref
|
|
named <code>HEAD</code> as the first ref. The stream MUST include capability
|
|
declarations behind a NUL on the first ref.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The returned response contains "version 1" if "version=1" was sent as an
|
|
Extra Parameter.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>smart_reply = PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF)
|
|
"0000"
|
|
*1("version 1")
|
|
ref_list
|
|
"0000"
|
|
ref_list = empty_list / non_empty_list</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>empty_list = PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" NUL cap-list LF)</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>non_empty_list = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name NUL cap_list LF)
|
|
*ref_record</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>cap-list = capability *(SP capability)
|
|
capability = 1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
|
|
LC_ALPHA = %x61-7A</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref
|
|
any_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
|
|
peeled_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
|
|
PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_smart_service_git_upload_pack">Smart Service git-upload-pack</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This service reads from the repository pointed to by <code>$GIT_URL</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
|
|
<code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code>?service=git-upload-pack.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
|
|
C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
|
|
C:
|
|
C: 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7\n
|
|
C: 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993\n
|
|
C: 0000</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>S: 200 OK
|
|
S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
|
|
S: Cache-Control: no-cache
|
|
S:
|
|
S: ....ACK %s, continue
|
|
S: ....NAK</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
|
|
Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
|
|
to prevent caching of the response.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST send at least one "want" command in the request body.
|
|
Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a "want" command which did not
|
|
appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the
|
|
server advertises capability <code>allow-tip-sha1-in-want</code> or
|
|
<code>allow-reachable-sha1-in-want</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>compute_request = want_list
|
|
have_list
|
|
request_end
|
|
request_end = "0000" / "done"</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>want_list = PKT-LINE(want SP cap_list LF)
|
|
*(want_pkt)
|
|
want_pkt = PKT-LINE(want LF)
|
|
want = "want" SP id
|
|
cap_list = capability *(SP capability)</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>have_list = *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF)</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>TODO: Document this further.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_the_negotiation_algorithm">The Negotiation Algorithm</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows
|
|
(C = client, S = server):</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>init step:</em></p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Place any object seen into set <code>advertised</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Build an empty set, <code>common</code>, to hold the objects that are later
|
|
determined to be on both ends.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Build a set, <code>want</code>, of the objects from <code>advertised</code> that the client
|
|
wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Start a queue, <code>c_pending</code>, ordered by commit time (popping newest
|
|
first). Add all client refs. When a commit is popped from
|
|
the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back.
|
|
Commits MUST only enter the queue once.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>one compute step:</em></p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Send one <code>$GIT_URL/git-upload-pack</code> request:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>C: 0032want <want-#1>...............................
|
|
C: 0032want <want-#2>...............................
|
|
....
|
|
C: 0032have <common-#1>.............................
|
|
C: 0032have <common-#2>.............................
|
|
....
|
|
C: 0032have <have-#1>...............................
|
|
C: 0032have <have-#2>...............................
|
|
....
|
|
C: 0000</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The stream is organized into "commands", with each command
|
|
appearing by itself in a pkt-line. Within a command line,
|
|
the text leading up to the first space is the command name,
|
|
and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value.
|
|
Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of
|
|
the pkt-line value.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear
|
|
at all in the request stream:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
"want"
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
"have"
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush (<code>0000</code>).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted
|
|
object name as its value. Multiple object names MUST be sent by sending
|
|
multiple commands. Object names MUST be given using the object format
|
|
negotiated through the <code>object-format</code> capability (default SHA-1).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>have</code> list is created by popping the first 32 commits
|
|
from <code>c_pending</code>. Fewer can be supplied if <code>c_pending</code> empties.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the client has sent 256 "have" commits and has not yet
|
|
received one of those back from <code>s_common</code>, or the client has
|
|
emptied <code>c_pending</code> it SHOULD include a "done" command to let
|
|
the server know it won’t proceed:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>C: 0009done</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>S: Parse the git-upload-pack request:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Verify all objects in <code>want</code> are directly reachable from refs.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The server MAY walk backwards through history or through
|
|
the reflog to permit slightly stale requests.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If no "want" objects are received, send an error:
|
|
TODO: Define error if no "want" lines are requested.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If any "want" object is not reachable, send an error:
|
|
TODO: Define error if an invalid "want" is requested.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Create an empty list, <code>s_common</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If "have" was sent:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For each object, if the server has the object reachable from
|
|
a ref, add it to <code>s_common</code>. If a commit is added to <code>s_common</code>,
|
|
do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in <code>have</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>S: Send the git-upload-pack response:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the
|
|
request ends with "done", it replies with the pack.
|
|
TODO: Document the pack based response</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>S: PACK...</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported
|
|
by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into
|
|
stream 1. Progress messages from the server side MAY appear
|
|
in stream 2.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least
|
|
one path from every "want" to at least one "common" object.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the server needs more information, it replies with a
|
|
status continue response:
|
|
TODO: Document the non-pack response</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Parse the upload-pack response:
|
|
TODO: Document parsing response</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>Do another compute step.</em></p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_smart_service_git_receive_pack">Smart Service git-receive-pack</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This service reads from the repository pointed to by <code>$GIT_URL</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
|
|
<code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code>?service=git-receive-pack.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0
|
|
C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request
|
|
C:
|
|
C: ....0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 refs/heads/maint\0 report-status
|
|
C: 0000
|
|
C: PACK....</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>S: 200 OK
|
|
S: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-result
|
|
S: Cache-Control: no-cache
|
|
S:
|
|
S: ....</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
|
|
Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
|
|
to prevent caching of the response.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST send at least one command in the request body.
|
|
Within the command portion of the request body clients SHOULD send
|
|
the id obtained through ref discovery as old_id.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>update_request = command_list
|
|
"PACK" <binary-data></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>command_list = PKT-LINE(command NUL cap_list LF)
|
|
*(command_pkt)
|
|
command_pkt = PKT-LINE(command LF)
|
|
cap_list = *(SP capability) SP</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>command = create / delete / update
|
|
create = zero-id SP new_id SP name
|
|
delete = old_id SP zero-id SP name
|
|
update = old_id SP new_id SP name</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>TODO: Document this further.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_references">REFERENCES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt">RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)</a>
|
|
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol — HTTP/1.1</a></p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>
|
|
<a href="gitprotocol-capabilities.html">gitprotocol-capabilities(5)</a></p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated
|
|
2025-08-18 02:18:23 CEST
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|