3852 lines
124 KiB
HTML
3852 lines
124 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
|
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
|
|
<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 10.2.0" />
|
|
<title>git-rev-list(1)</title>
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
|
/* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
|
|
|
|
/* Default font. */
|
|
body {
|
|
font-family: Georgia,serif;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Title font. */
|
|
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
|
|
div.title, caption.title,
|
|
thead, p.table.header,
|
|
#toctitle,
|
|
#author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
|
|
#footer {
|
|
font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
body {
|
|
margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
a {
|
|
color: blue;
|
|
text-decoration: underline;
|
|
}
|
|
a:visited {
|
|
color: fuchsia;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
em {
|
|
font-style: italic;
|
|
color: navy;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
strong {
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
color: #083194;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
|
|
color: #527bbd;
|
|
margin-top: 1.2em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
|
|
line-height: 1.3;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
h1, h2, h3 {
|
|
border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
|
|
}
|
|
h2 {
|
|
padding-top: 0.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
h3 {
|
|
float: left;
|
|
}
|
|
h3 + * {
|
|
clear: left;
|
|
}
|
|
h5 {
|
|
font-size: 1.0em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.sectionbody {
|
|
margin-left: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
hr {
|
|
border: 1px solid silver;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
p {
|
|
margin-top: 0.5em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
ul, ol, li > p {
|
|
margin-top: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
ul > li { color: #aaa; }
|
|
ul > li > * { color: black; }
|
|
|
|
.monospaced, code, pre {
|
|
font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
|
|
font-size: inherit;
|
|
color: navy;
|
|
padding: 0;
|
|
margin: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
pre {
|
|
white-space: pre-wrap;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#author {
|
|
color: #527bbd;
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
font-size: 1.1em;
|
|
}
|
|
#email {
|
|
}
|
|
#revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#footer {
|
|
font-size: small;
|
|
border-top: 2px solid silver;
|
|
padding-top: 0.5em;
|
|
margin-top: 4.0em;
|
|
}
|
|
#footer-text {
|
|
float: left;
|
|
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
#footer-badges {
|
|
float: right;
|
|
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#preamble {
|
|
margin-top: 1.5em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
|
|
div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
|
|
div.admonitionblock {
|
|
margin-top: 1.0em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
div.admonitionblock {
|
|
margin-top: 2.0em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 2.0em;
|
|
margin-right: 10%;
|
|
color: #606060;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.content { /* Block element content. */
|
|
padding: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Block element titles. */
|
|
div.title, caption.title {
|
|
color: #527bbd;
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
text-align: left;
|
|
margin-top: 1.0em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
div.title + * {
|
|
margin-top: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
td div.title:first-child {
|
|
margin-top: 0.0em;
|
|
}
|
|
div.content div.title:first-child {
|
|
margin-top: 0.0em;
|
|
}
|
|
div.content + div.title {
|
|
margin-top: 0.0em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.sidebarblock > div.content {
|
|
background: #ffffee;
|
|
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
|
|
border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
|
|
padding: 0.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.listingblock > div.content {
|
|
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
|
|
border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
|
|
background: #f8f8f8;
|
|
padding: 0.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
|
|
padding-left: 1.0em;
|
|
margin-left: 1.0em;
|
|
margin-right: 10%;
|
|
border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
|
|
color: #888;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
|
|
padding-top: 0.5em;
|
|
text-align: right;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.verseblock > pre.content {
|
|
font-family: inherit;
|
|
font-size: inherit;
|
|
}
|
|
div.verseblock > div.attribution {
|
|
padding-top: 0.75em;
|
|
text-align: left;
|
|
}
|
|
/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
|
|
div.verseblock + div.attribution {
|
|
text-align: left;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.admonitionblock .icon {
|
|
vertical-align: top;
|
|
font-size: 1.1em;
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
text-decoration: underline;
|
|
color: #527bbd;
|
|
padding-right: 0.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
div.admonitionblock td.content {
|
|
padding-left: 0.5em;
|
|
border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.exampleblock > div.content {
|
|
border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
|
|
padding-left: 0.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
|
|
span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
|
|
a.image:visited { color: white; }
|
|
|
|
dl {
|
|
margin-top: 0.8em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 0.8em;
|
|
}
|
|
dt {
|
|
margin-top: 0.5em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 0;
|
|
font-style: normal;
|
|
color: navy;
|
|
}
|
|
dd > *:first-child {
|
|
margin-top: 0.1em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
ul, ol {
|
|
list-style-position: outside;
|
|
}
|
|
ol.arabic {
|
|
list-style-type: decimal;
|
|
}
|
|
ol.loweralpha {
|
|
list-style-type: lower-alpha;
|
|
}
|
|
ol.upperalpha {
|
|
list-style-type: upper-alpha;
|
|
}
|
|
ol.lowerroman {
|
|
list-style-type: lower-roman;
|
|
}
|
|
ol.upperroman {
|
|
list-style-type: upper-roman;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
|
|
div.compact p, div.compact p,
|
|
div.compact div, div.compact div {
|
|
margin-top: 0.1em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 0.1em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
tfoot {
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
}
|
|
td > div.verse {
|
|
white-space: pre;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.hdlist {
|
|
margin-top: 0.8em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 0.8em;
|
|
}
|
|
div.hdlist tr {
|
|
padding-bottom: 15px;
|
|
}
|
|
dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
}
|
|
td.hdlist1 {
|
|
vertical-align: top;
|
|
font-style: normal;
|
|
padding-right: 0.8em;
|
|
color: navy;
|
|
}
|
|
td.hdlist2 {
|
|
vertical-align: top;
|
|
}
|
|
div.hdlist.compact tr {
|
|
margin: 0;
|
|
padding-bottom: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.comment {
|
|
background: yellow;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.footnote, .footnoteref {
|
|
font-size: 0.8em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
|
|
vertical-align: super;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#footnotes {
|
|
margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
|
|
padding: 7px 0 0 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#footnotes div.footnote {
|
|
margin: 0 0 5px 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#footnotes hr {
|
|
border: none;
|
|
border-top: 1px solid silver;
|
|
height: 1px;
|
|
text-align: left;
|
|
margin-left: 0;
|
|
width: 20%;
|
|
min-width: 100px;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.colist td {
|
|
padding-right: 0.5em;
|
|
padding-bottom: 0.3em;
|
|
vertical-align: top;
|
|
}
|
|
div.colist td img {
|
|
margin-top: 0.3em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
@media print {
|
|
#footer-badges { display: none; }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#toc {
|
|
margin-bottom: 2.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#toctitle {
|
|
color: #527bbd;
|
|
font-size: 1.1em;
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
margin-top: 1.0em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 0.1em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
|
|
margin-top: 0;
|
|
margin-bottom: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
div.toclevel2 {
|
|
margin-left: 2em;
|
|
font-size: 0.9em;
|
|
}
|
|
div.toclevel3 {
|
|
margin-left: 4em;
|
|
font-size: 0.9em;
|
|
}
|
|
div.toclevel4 {
|
|
margin-left: 6em;
|
|
font-size: 0.9em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
span.aqua { color: aqua; }
|
|
span.black { color: black; }
|
|
span.blue { color: blue; }
|
|
span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
|
|
span.gray { color: gray; }
|
|
span.green { color: green; }
|
|
span.lime { color: lime; }
|
|
span.maroon { color: maroon; }
|
|
span.navy { color: navy; }
|
|
span.olive { color: olive; }
|
|
span.purple { color: purple; }
|
|
span.red { color: red; }
|
|
span.silver { color: silver; }
|
|
span.teal { color: teal; }
|
|
span.white { color: white; }
|
|
span.yellow { color: yellow; }
|
|
|
|
span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
|
|
span.black-background { background: black; }
|
|
span.blue-background { background: blue; }
|
|
span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
|
|
span.gray-background { background: gray; }
|
|
span.green-background { background: green; }
|
|
span.lime-background { background: lime; }
|
|
span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
|
|
span.navy-background { background: navy; }
|
|
span.olive-background { background: olive; }
|
|
span.purple-background { background: purple; }
|
|
span.red-background { background: red; }
|
|
span.silver-background { background: silver; }
|
|
span.teal-background { background: teal; }
|
|
span.white-background { background: white; }
|
|
span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
|
|
|
|
span.big { font-size: 2em; }
|
|
span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
|
|
|
|
span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
|
|
span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
|
|
span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
|
|
|
|
div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* xhtml11 specific
|
|
*
|
|
* */
|
|
|
|
div.tableblock {
|
|
margin-top: 1.0em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
div.tableblock > table {
|
|
border: 3px solid #527bbd;
|
|
}
|
|
thead, p.table.header {
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
color: #527bbd;
|
|
}
|
|
p.table {
|
|
margin-top: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
/* Because the table frame attribute is overridden by CSS in most browsers. */
|
|
div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
|
|
border-style: none;
|
|
}
|
|
div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
|
|
border-left-style: none;
|
|
border-right-style: none;
|
|
}
|
|
div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
|
|
border-top-style: none;
|
|
border-bottom-style: none;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* html5 specific
|
|
*
|
|
* */
|
|
|
|
table.tableblock {
|
|
margin-top: 1.0em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
|
|
}
|
|
thead, p.tableblock.header {
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
color: #527bbd;
|
|
}
|
|
p.tableblock {
|
|
margin-top: 0;
|
|
}
|
|
table.tableblock {
|
|
border-width: 3px;
|
|
border-spacing: 0px;
|
|
border-style: solid;
|
|
border-color: #527bbd;
|
|
border-collapse: collapse;
|
|
}
|
|
th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
|
|
border-width: 1px;
|
|
padding: 4px;
|
|
border-style: solid;
|
|
border-color: #527bbd;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
|
|
border-left-style: hidden;
|
|
border-right-style: hidden;
|
|
}
|
|
table.tableblock.frame-sides {
|
|
border-top-style: hidden;
|
|
border-bottom-style: hidden;
|
|
}
|
|
table.tableblock.frame-none {
|
|
border-style: hidden;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
|
|
text-align: left;
|
|
}
|
|
th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
|
|
text-align: center;
|
|
}
|
|
th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
|
|
text-align: right;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
|
|
vertical-align: top;
|
|
}
|
|
th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
|
|
vertical-align: middle;
|
|
}
|
|
th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
|
|
vertical-align: bottom;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* manpage specific
|
|
*
|
|
* */
|
|
|
|
body.manpage h1 {
|
|
padding-top: 0.5em;
|
|
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
|
|
border-top: 2px solid silver;
|
|
border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
|
|
}
|
|
body.manpage h2 {
|
|
border-style: none;
|
|
}
|
|
body.manpage div.sectionbody {
|
|
margin-left: 3em;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
@media print {
|
|
body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
</style>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
/*<+'])');
|
|
// Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
|
|
// nodeIterator API would be a better technique but not supported by all
|
|
// browsers).
|
|
var iterate = function (el) {
|
|
for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
|
|
if (i.nodeType == 1 /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */) {
|
|
var mo = re.exec(i.tagName);
|
|
if (mo && (i.getAttribute("class") || i.getAttribute("className")) != "float") {
|
|
result[result.length] = new TocEntry(i, getText(i), mo[1]-1);
|
|
}
|
|
iterate(i);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
iterate(el);
|
|
return result;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
var toc = document.getElementById("toc");
|
|
if (!toc) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Delete existing TOC entries in case we're reloading the TOC.
|
|
var tocEntriesToRemove = [];
|
|
var i;
|
|
for (i = 0; i < toc.childNodes.length; i++) {
|
|
var entry = toc.childNodes[i];
|
|
if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div'
|
|
&& entry.getAttribute("class")
|
|
&& entry.getAttribute("class").match(/^toclevel/))
|
|
tocEntriesToRemove.push(entry);
|
|
}
|
|
for (i = 0; i < tocEntriesToRemove.length; i++) {
|
|
toc.removeChild(tocEntriesToRemove[i]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Rebuild TOC entries.
|
|
var entries = tocEntries(document.getElementById("content"), toclevels);
|
|
for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
|
|
var entry = entries[i];
|
|
if (entry.element.id == "")
|
|
entry.element.id = "_toc_" + i;
|
|
var a = document.createElement("a");
|
|
a.href = "#" + entry.element.id;
|
|
a.appendChild(document.createTextNode(entry.text));
|
|
var div = document.createElement("div");
|
|
div.appendChild(a);
|
|
div.className = "toclevel" + entry.toclevel;
|
|
toc.appendChild(div);
|
|
}
|
|
if (entries.length == 0)
|
|
toc.parentNode.removeChild(toc);
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
|
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
|
|
// Footnotes generator
|
|
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
|
|
|
|
/* Based on footnote generation code from:
|
|
* http://www.brandspankingnew.net/archive/2005/07/format_footnote.html
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
footnotes: function () {
|
|
// Delete existing footnote entries in case we're reloading the footnodes.
|
|
var i;
|
|
var noteholder = document.getElementById("footnotes");
|
|
if (!noteholder) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
var entriesToRemove = [];
|
|
for (i = 0; i < noteholder.childNodes.length; i++) {
|
|
var entry = noteholder.childNodes[i];
|
|
if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div' && entry.getAttribute("class") == "footnote")
|
|
entriesToRemove.push(entry);
|
|
}
|
|
for (i = 0; i < entriesToRemove.length; i++) {
|
|
noteholder.removeChild(entriesToRemove[i]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Rebuild footnote entries.
|
|
var cont = document.getElementById("content");
|
|
var spans = cont.getElementsByTagName("span");
|
|
var refs = {};
|
|
var n = 0;
|
|
for (i=0; i<spans.length; i++) {
|
|
if (spans[i].className == "footnote") {
|
|
n++;
|
|
var note = spans[i].getAttribute("data-note");
|
|
if (!note) {
|
|
// Use [\s\S] in place of . so multi-line matches work.
|
|
// Because JavaScript has no s (dotall) regex flag.
|
|
note = spans[i].innerHTML.match(/\s*\[([\s\S]*)]\s*/)[1];
|
|
spans[i].innerHTML =
|
|
"[<a id='_footnoteref_" + n + "' href='#_footnote_" + n +
|
|
"' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
|
|
spans[i].setAttribute("data-note", note);
|
|
}
|
|
noteholder.innerHTML +=
|
|
"<div class='footnote' id='_footnote_" + n + "'>" +
|
|
"<a href='#_footnoteref_" + n + "' title='Return to text'>" +
|
|
n + "</a>. " + note + "</div>";
|
|
var id =spans[i].getAttribute("id");
|
|
if (id != null) refs["#"+id] = n;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
if (n == 0)
|
|
noteholder.parentNode.removeChild(noteholder);
|
|
else {
|
|
// Process footnoterefs.
|
|
for (i=0; i<spans.length; i++) {
|
|
if (spans[i].className == "footnoteref") {
|
|
var href = spans[i].getElementsByTagName("a")[0].getAttribute("href");
|
|
href = href.match(/#.*/)[0]; // Because IE return full URL.
|
|
n = refs[href];
|
|
spans[i].innerHTML =
|
|
"[<a href='#_footnote_" + n +
|
|
"' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
install: function(toclevels) {
|
|
var timerId;
|
|
|
|
function reinstall() {
|
|
asciidoc.footnotes();
|
|
if (toclevels) {
|
|
asciidoc.toc(toclevels);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
function reinstallAndRemoveTimer() {
|
|
clearInterval(timerId);
|
|
reinstall();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
timerId = setInterval(reinstall, 500);
|
|
if (document.addEventListener)
|
|
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", reinstallAndRemoveTimer, false);
|
|
else
|
|
window.onload = reinstallAndRemoveTimer;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
asciidoc.install();
|
|
/*]]>*/
|
|
</script>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>
|
|
git-rev-list(1) Manual Page
|
|
</h1>
|
|
<h2>NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>git-rev-list -
|
|
Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><em>git rev-list</em> [<options>] <commit>… [--] [<path>…]</pre>
|
|
<div class="attribution">
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>List commits that are reachable by following the <code>parent</code> links from the
|
|
given commit(s), but exclude commits that are reachable from the one(s)
|
|
given with a <em>^</em> in front of them. The output is given in reverse
|
|
chronological order by default.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can think of this as a set operation. Commits reachable from any of
|
|
the commits given on the command line form a set, and then commits reachable
|
|
from any of the ones given with <em>^</em> in front are subtracted from that
|
|
set. The remaining commits are what comes out in the command’s output.
|
|
Various other options and paths parameters can be used to further limit the
|
|
result.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Thus, the following command:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git rev-list foo bar ^baz</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>means "list all the commits which are reachable from <em>foo</em> or <em>bar</em>, but
|
|
not from <em>baz</em>".</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>A special notation "<em><commit1></em><code>..</code><em><commit2></em>" can be used as a
|
|
short-hand for "<code>^</code><em><commit1></em> <em><commit2></em>". For example, either of
|
|
the following may be used interchangeably:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git rev-list origin..HEAD
|
|
$ git rev-list HEAD ^origin</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Another special notation is "<em><commit1></em><code>...</code><em><commit2></em>" which is useful
|
|
for merges. The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
|
|
between the two operands. The following two commands are equivalent:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git rev-list A B --not $(git merge-base --all A B)
|
|
$ git rev-list A...B</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>rev-list</em> is an essential Git command, since it
|
|
provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
|
|
this reason, it has a lot of different options that enable it to be
|
|
used by commands as different as <em>git bisect</em> and
|
|
<em>git repack</em>.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_commit_limiting">Commit Limiting</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
|
|
special notations explained in the description, additional commit
|
|
limiting may be applied.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g.
|
|
<code>--since=</code><em><date1></em> limits to commits newer than <em><date1></em>, and using it
|
|
with <code>--grep=</code><em><pattern></em> further limits to commits whose log message
|
|
has a line that matches <em><pattern></em>), unless otherwise noted.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that these are applied before commit
|
|
ordering and formatting options, such as <code>--reverse</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>-</code><em><number></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>-n</code> <em><number></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--max-count=</code><em><number></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Limit the output to <em><number></em> commits.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--skip=</code><em><number></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Skip <em><number></em> commits before starting to show the commit output.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--since=</code><em><date></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--after=</code><em><date></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Show commits more recent than <em><date></em>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--since-as-filter=</code><em><date></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Show all commits more recent than <em><date></em>. This visits
|
|
all commits in the range, rather than stopping at the first commit which
|
|
is older than <em><date></em>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--until=</code><em><date></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--before=</code><em><date></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Show commits older than <em><date></em>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--max-age=</code><em><timestamp></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--min-age=</code><em><timestamp></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Limit the commits output to specified time range.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--author=</code><em><pattern></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--committer=</code><em><pattern></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
|
|
header lines that match the <em><pattern></em> regular
|
|
expression. With more than one <code>--author=</code><em><pattern></em>,
|
|
commits whose author matches any of the <em><pattern></em> are
|
|
chosen (similarly for multiple <code>--committer=</code><em><pattern></em>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--grep-reflog=</code><em><pattern></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that
|
|
match the <em><pattern></em> regular expression. With
|
|
more than one <code>--grep-reflog</code>, commits whose reflog message
|
|
matches any of the given patterns are chosen. It is an
|
|
error to use this option unless <code>--walk-reflogs</code> is in use.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--grep=</code><em><pattern></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Limit the commits output to ones with a log message that
|
|
matches the <em><pattern></em> regular expression. With
|
|
more than one <code>--grep=</code><em><pattern></em>, commits whose message
|
|
matches any of the <em><pattern></em> are chosen (but see
|
|
<code>--all-match</code>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--all-match</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Limit the commits output to ones that match all given <code>--grep</code>,
|
|
instead of ones that match at least one.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--invert-grep</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Limit the commits output to ones with a log message that do not
|
|
match the <em><pattern></em> specified with <code>--grep=</code><em><pattern></em>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>-i</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--regexp-ignore-case</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter
|
|
case.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--basic-regexp</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions;
|
|
this is the default.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>-E</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--extended-regexp</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions
|
|
instead of the default basic regular expressions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>-F</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--fixed-strings</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don’t interpret
|
|
pattern as a regular expression).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>-P</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--perl-regexp</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular
|
|
expressions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Support for these types of regular expressions is an optional
|
|
compile-time dependency. If Git wasn’t compiled with support for them
|
|
providing this option will cause it to die.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--remove-empty</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--merges</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as <code>--min-parents=2</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--no-merges</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is
|
|
exactly the same as <code>--max-parents=1</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--min-parents=</code><em><number></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--max-parents=</code><em><number></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--no-min-parents</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--no-max-parents</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent
|
|
commits. In particular, <code>--max-parents=1</code> is the same as <code>--no-merges</code>,
|
|
<code>--min-parents=2</code> is the same as <code>--merges</code>. <code>--max-parents=0</code>
|
|
gives all root commits and <code>--min-parents=3</code> all octopus merges.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--no-min-parents</code> and <code>--no-max-parents</code> reset these limits (to no limit)
|
|
again. Equivalent forms are <code>--min-parents=0</code> (any commit has 0 or more
|
|
parents) and <code>--max-parents=-1</code> (negative numbers denote no upper limit).</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--first-parent</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
When finding commits to include, follow only the first
|
|
parent commit upon seeing a merge commit. This option
|
|
can give a better overview when viewing the evolution of
|
|
a particular topic branch, because merges into a topic
|
|
branch tend to be only about adjusting to updated upstream
|
|
from time to time, and this option allows you to ignore
|
|
the individual commits brought in to your history by such
|
|
a merge.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--exclude-first-parent-only</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
When finding commits to exclude (with a <em>^</em>), follow only
|
|
the first parent commit upon seeing a merge commit.
|
|
This can be used to find the set of changes in a topic branch
|
|
from the point where it diverged from the remote branch, given
|
|
that arbitrary merges can be valid topic branch changes.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--not</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Reverses the meaning of the <em>^</em> prefix (or lack thereof)
|
|
for all following revision specifiers, up to the next <code>--not</code>.
|
|
When used on the command line before --stdin, the revisions passed
|
|
through stdin will not be affected by it. Conversely, when passed
|
|
via standard input, the revisions passed on the command line will
|
|
not be affected by it.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--all</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/</code>, along with <code>HEAD</code>, are
|
|
listed on the command line as <em><commit></em>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--branches</code>[<code>=</code><em><pattern></em>]
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/heads</code> are listed
|
|
on the command line as <em><commit></em>. If <em><pattern></em> is given, limit
|
|
branches to ones matching given shell glob. If <em><pattern></em> lacks <em>?</em>,
|
|
<em>*</em>, or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--tags</code>[<code>=</code><em><pattern></em>]
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/tags</code> are listed
|
|
on the command line as <em><commit></em>. If <em><pattern></em> is given, limit
|
|
tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>*</em>,
|
|
or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--remotes</code>[<code>=</code><em><pattern></em>]
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/remotes</code> are listed
|
|
on the command line as <em><commit></em>. If <em><pattern></em> is given, limit
|
|
remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob.
|
|
If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>*</em>, or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--glob=</code><em><glob-pattern></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob <em><glob-pattern></em>
|
|
are listed on the command line as <em><commit></em>. Leading <em>refs/</em>,
|
|
is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>*</em>,
|
|
or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--exclude=</code><em><glob-pattern></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Do not include refs matching <em><glob-pattern></em> that the next <code>--all</code>,
|
|
<code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, <code>--remotes</code>, or <code>--glob</code> would otherwise
|
|
consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
|
|
up to the next <code>--all</code>, <code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, <code>--remotes</code>, or
|
|
<code>--glob</code> option (other options or arguments do not clear
|
|
accumulated patterns).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The patterns given should not begin with <code>refs/heads</code>, <code>refs/tags</code>, or
|
|
<code>refs/remotes</code> when applied to <code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, or <code>--remotes</code>,
|
|
respectively, and they must begin with <code>refs/</code> when applied to <code>--glob</code>
|
|
or <code>--all</code>. If a trailing <em>/*</em> is intended, it must be given
|
|
explicitly.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--exclude-hidden=</code>(<code>fetch</code>|<code>receive</code>|<code>uploadpack</code>)
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Do not include refs that would be hidden by <code>git-fetch</code>,
|
|
<code>git-receive-pack</code> or <code>git-upload-pack</code> by consulting the appropriate
|
|
<code>fetch.hideRefs</code>, <code>receive.hideRefs</code> or <code>uploadpack.hideRefs</code>
|
|
configuration along with <code>transfer.hideRefs</code> (see
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). This option affects the next pseudo-ref option
|
|
<code>--all</code> or <code>--glob</code> and is cleared after processing them.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--reflog</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the
|
|
command line as <em><commit></em>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--alternate-refs</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Pretend as if all objects mentioned as ref tips of alternate
|
|
repositories were listed on the command line. An alternate
|
|
repository is any repository whose object directory is specified
|
|
in <code>objects/info/alternates</code>. The set of included objects may
|
|
be modified by <code>core.alternateRefsCommand</code>, etc. See
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--single-worktree</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
By default, all working trees will be examined by the
|
|
following options when there are more than one (see
|
|
<a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree(1)</a>): <code>--all</code>, <code>--reflog</code> and
|
|
<code>--indexed-objects</code>.
|
|
This option forces them to examine the current working tree
|
|
only.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--ignore-missing</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if
|
|
the bad input was not given.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--stdin</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
In addition to getting arguments from the command line, read
|
|
them from standard input as well. This accepts commits and
|
|
pseudo-options like <code>--all</code> and <code>--glob=</code>. When a <code>--</code> separator
|
|
is seen, the following input is treated as paths and used to
|
|
limit the result. Flags like <code>--not</code> which are read via standard input
|
|
are only respected for arguments passed in the same way and will not
|
|
influence any subsequent command line arguments.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--quiet</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Don’t print anything to standard output. This form
|
|
is primarily meant to allow the caller to
|
|
test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully
|
|
connected (or not). It is faster than redirecting stdout
|
|
to <code>/dev/null</code> as the output does not have to be formatted.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--disk-usage</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--disk-usage=human</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Suppress normal output; instead, print the sum of the bytes used
|
|
for on-disk storage by the selected commits or objects. This is
|
|
equivalent to piping the output into <code>git</code> <code>cat-file</code>
|
|
<code>--batch-check=</code>'%(<code>objectsize:disk</code>)', except that it runs much
|
|
faster (especially with <code>--use-bitmap-index</code>). See the <code>CAVEATS</code>
|
|
section in <a href="git-cat-file.html">git-cat-file(1)</a> for the limitations of what
|
|
"on-disk storage" means.
|
|
With the optional value <code>human</code>, on-disk storage size is shown
|
|
in human-readable string(e.g. 12.24 Kib, 3.50 Mib).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--cherry-mark</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Like <code>--cherry-pick</code> (see below) but mark equivalent commits
|
|
with <code>=</code> rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with <code>+</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--cherry-pick</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Omit any commit that introduces the same change as
|
|
another commit on the “other side” when the set of
|
|
commits are limited with symmetric difference.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, if you have two branches, <code>A</code> and <code>B</code>, a usual way
|
|
to list all commits on only one side of them is with
|
|
<code>--left-right</code> (see the example below in the description of
|
|
the <code>--left-right</code> option). However, it shows the commits that were
|
|
cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, “3rd on b” may be
|
|
cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are
|
|
excluded from the output.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--left-only</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--right-only</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric difference,
|
|
i.e. only those which would be marked < resp. > by
|
|
<code>--left-right</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, <code>--cherry-pick</code> <code>--right-only</code> <code>A</code><code>...</code><code>B</code> omits those
|
|
commits from <code>B</code> which are in <code>A</code> or are patch-equivalent to a commit in
|
|
<code>A</code>. In other words, this lists the <code>+</code> commits from <code>git</code> <code>cherry</code> <code>A</code> <code>B</code>.
|
|
More precisely, <code>--cherry-pick</code> <code>--right-only</code> <code>--no-merges</code> gives the exact
|
|
list.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--cherry</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
A synonym for <code>--right-only</code> <code>--cherry-mark</code> <code>--no-merges</code>; useful to
|
|
limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that
|
|
have been applied to the other side of a forked history with
|
|
<code>git</code> <code>log</code> <code>--cherry</code> <code>upstream</code><code>...</code><code>mybranch</code>, similar to
|
|
<code>git</code> <code>cherry</code> <code>upstream</code> <code>mybranch</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>-g</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--walk-reflogs</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
|
|
reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
|
|
When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
|
|
exclude (that is, <code>^</code><em><commit></em>, <em><commit1></em><code>..</code><em><commit2></em>,
|
|
and <em><commit1></em><code>...</code><em><commit2></em> notations cannot be used).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>With <code>--pretty</code> format other than <code>oneline</code> and <code>reference</code> (for obvious reasons),
|
|
this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
|
|
taken from the reflog. The reflog designator in the output may be shown
|
|
as <code>ref@</code>{<em><Nth></em>} (where <em><Nth></em> is the reverse-chronological index in the
|
|
reflog) or as <code>ref@</code>{<em><timestamp></em>} (with the <em><timestamp></em> for that entry),
|
|
depending on a few rules:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If the starting point is specified as <code>ref@</code>{<em><Nth></em>}, show the index
|
|
format.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If the starting point was specified as <code>ref@</code>{now}, show the
|
|
timestamp format.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If neither was used, but <code>--date</code> was given on the command line, show
|
|
the timestamp in the format requested by <code>--date</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Otherwise, show the index format.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Under <code>--pretty=oneline</code>, the commit message is
|
|
prefixed with this information on the same line.
|
|
This option cannot be combined with <code>--reverse</code>.
|
|
See also <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Under <code>--pretty=reference</code>, this information will not be shown at all.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--merge</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Show commits touching conflicted paths in the range <code>HEAD</code><code>...</code><em><other></em>,
|
|
where <em><other></em> is the first existing pseudoref in <code>MERGE_HEAD</code>,
|
|
<code>CHERRY_PICK_HEAD</code>, <code>REVERT_HEAD</code> or <code>REBASE_HEAD</code>. Only works
|
|
when the index has unmerged entries. This option can be used to show
|
|
relevant commits when resolving conflicts from a 3-way merge.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--boundary</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are
|
|
prefixed with <code>-</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--use-bitmap-index</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Try to speed up the traversal using the pack bitmap index (if
|
|
one is available). Note that when traversing with <code>--objects</code>,
|
|
trees and blobs will not have their associated path printed.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--progress=</code><em><header></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Show progress reports on stderr as objects are considered. The
|
|
<em><header></em> text will be printed with each progress update.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>-z</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Instead of being newline-delimited, each outputted object and its
|
|
accompanying metadata is delimited using NUL bytes. Output is printed
|
|
in the following form:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><OID> NUL [<token>=<value> NUL]...</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Additional object metadata, such as object paths or boundary objects, is
|
|
printed using the <em><token></em><code>=</code><em><value></em> form. Token values are printed as-is
|
|
without any encoding/truncation. An OID entry never contains a <em>=</em> character
|
|
and thus is used to signal the start of a new object record. Examples:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><OID> NUL
|
|
<OID> NUL path=<path> NUL
|
|
<OID> NUL boundary=yes NUL
|
|
<OID> NUL missing=yes NUL [<token>=<value> NUL]...</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This mode is only compatible with the <code>--objects</code>, <code>--boundary</code>, and
|
|
<code>--missing</code> output options.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_history_simplification">History Simplification</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Sometimes you are only interested in parts of the history, for example the
|
|
commits modifying a particular <path>. But there are two parts of
|
|
<em>History Simplification</em>, one part is selecting the commits and the other
|
|
is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following options select the commits to be shown:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<em><paths></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--simplify-by-decoration</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following options affect the way the simplification is performed:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>Default</code> <code>mode</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the
|
|
final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side
|
|
branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches
|
|
with the same content)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--show-pulls</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Include all commits from the default mode, but also any merge
|
|
commits that are not TREESAME to the first parent but are
|
|
TREESAME to a later parent. This mode is helpful for showing
|
|
the merge commits that "first introduced" a change to a branch.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--full-history</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--dense</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a
|
|
meaningful history.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--sparse</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
All commits in the simplified history are shown.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--simplify-merges</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Additional option to <code>--full-history</code> to remove some needless
|
|
merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
|
|
commits contributing to this merge.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--ancestry-path</code>[<code>=</code><em><commit></em>]
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
When given a range of commits to display (e.g. <em><commit1></em><code>..</code><em><commit2></em>
|
|
or <em><commit2></em> <code>^</code><em><commit1></em>), and a commit <em><commit></em> in that range,
|
|
only display commits in that range
|
|
that are ancestors of <em><commit></em>, descendants of <em><commit></em>, or
|
|
<em><commit></em> itself. If no commit is specified, use <em><commit1></em> (the
|
|
excluded part of the range) as <em><commit></em>. Can be passed multiple
|
|
times; if so, a commit is included if it is any of the commits
|
|
given or if it is an ancestor or descendant of one of them.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>A more detailed explanation follows.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you specified <code>foo</code> as the <em><paths></em>. We shall call commits
|
|
that modify <code>foo</code> !TREESAME, and the rest TREESAME. (In a diff
|
|
filtered for <code>foo</code>, they look different and equal, respectively.)</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to
|
|
illustrate the differences between simplification settings. We assume
|
|
that you are filtering for a file <code>foo</code> in this commit graph:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
|
|
/ / / / / /
|
|
I B C D E Y
|
|
\ / / / / /
|
|
`-------------' X</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of
|
|
each merge. The commits are:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>I</code> is the initial commit, in which <code>foo</code> exists with contents
|
|
<code>asdf</code>, and a file <code>quux</code> exists with contents <code>quux</code>. Initial
|
|
commits are compared to an empty tree, so <code>I</code> is !TREESAME.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
In <code>A</code>, <code>foo</code> contains just <code>foo</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>B</code> contains the same change as <code>A</code>. Its merge <code>M</code> is trivial and
|
|
hence TREESAME to all parents.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>C</code> does not change <code>foo</code>, but its merge <code>N</code> changes it to <code>foobar</code>,
|
|
so it is not TREESAME to any parent.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>D</code> sets <code>foo</code> to <code>baz</code>. Its merge <code>O</code> combines the strings from
|
|
<code>N</code> and <code>D</code> to <code>foobarbaz</code>; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>E</code> changes <code>quux</code> to <code>xyzzy</code>, and its merge <code>P</code> combines the
|
|
strings to <code>quux</code> <code>xyzzy</code>. <code>P</code> is TREESAME to <code>O</code>, but not to <code>E</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>X</code> is an independent root commit that added a new file <code>side</code>, and <code>Y</code>
|
|
modified it. <code>Y</code> is TREESAME to <code>X</code>. Its merge <code>Q</code> added <code>side</code> to <code>P</code>, and
|
|
<code>Q</code> is TREESAME to <code>P</code>, but not to <code>Y</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>rev-list</code> walks backwards through history, including or excluding
|
|
commits based on whether <code>--full-history</code> and/or parent rewriting
|
|
(via <code>--parents</code> or <code>--children</code>) are used. The following settings
|
|
are available.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
Default mode
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent
|
|
(though this can be changed, see <code>--sparse</code> below). If the
|
|
commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow
|
|
only that parent. (Even if there are several TREESAME
|
|
parents, follow only one of them.) Otherwise, follow all
|
|
parents.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This results in:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> .-A---N---O
|
|
/ / /
|
|
I---------D</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note how the rule to only follow the TREESAME parent, if one is
|
|
available, removed <code>B</code> from consideration entirely. <code>C</code> was
|
|
considered via <code>N</code>, but is TREESAME. Root commits are compared to an
|
|
empty tree, so <code>I</code> is !TREESAME.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Parent/child relations are only visible with <code>--parents</code>, but that does
|
|
not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the
|
|
parent lines.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--full-history</code> without parent rewriting
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow
|
|
all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them.
|
|
Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are
|
|
included, this does not imply that the merge itself is! In
|
|
the example, we get
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> I A B N D O P Q</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>M</code> was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents. <code>E</code>,
|
|
<code>C</code> and <code>B</code> were all walked, but only <code>B</code> was !TREESAME, so the others
|
|
do not appear.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that without parent rewriting, it is not really possible to talk
|
|
about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show
|
|
them disconnected.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--full-history</code> with parent rewriting
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME
|
|
(though this can be changed, see <code>--sparse</code> below).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Merges are always included. However, their parent list is rewritten:
|
|
Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included
|
|
themselves. This results in</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
|
|
/ / / / /
|
|
I B / D /
|
|
\ / / / /
|
|
`-------------'</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Compare to <code>--full-history</code> without rewriting above. Note that <code>E</code>
|
|
was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was
|
|
rewritten to contain <code>E</code>'s parent <code>I</code>. The same happened for <code>C</code> and
|
|
<code>N</code>, and <code>X</code>, <code>Y</code> and <code>Q</code>.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME
|
|
affects inclusion:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--dense</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME
|
|
to any parent.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--sparse</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
All commits that are walked are included.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that without <code>--full-history</code>, this still simplifies merges: if
|
|
one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other
|
|
sides of the merge are never walked.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--simplify-merges</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
First, build a history graph in the same way that
|
|
<code>--full-history</code> with parent rewriting does (see above).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then simplify each commit <code>C</code> to its replacement <code>C</code>' in the final
|
|
history according to the following rules:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Set <code>C</code>' to <code>C</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Replace each parent <code>P</code> of <code>C</code>' with its simplification <code>P</code>'. In
|
|
the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are
|
|
root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care
|
|
to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If after this parent rewriting, <code>C</code>' is a root or merge commit (has
|
|
zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains.
|
|
Otherwise, it is replaced with its only parent.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to
|
|
<code>--full-history</code> with parent rewriting. The example turns into:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> .-A---M---N---O
|
|
/ / /
|
|
I B D
|
|
\ / /
|
|
`---------'</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note the major differences in <code>N</code>, <code>P</code>, and <code>Q</code> over <code>--full-history</code>:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>N</code>'s parent list had <code>I</code> removed, because it is an ancestor of the
|
|
other parent <code>M</code>. Still, <code>N</code> remained because it is !TREESAME.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>P</code>'s parent list similarly had <code>I</code> removed. <code>P</code> was then
|
|
removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>Q</code>'s parent list had <code>Y</code> simplified to <code>X</code>. <code>X</code> was then removed, because it
|
|
was a TREESAME root. <code>Q</code> was then removed completely, because it had one
|
|
parent and is TREESAME.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>There is another simplification mode available:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--ancestry-path</code>[<code>=</code><em><commit></em>]
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Limit the displayed commits to those which are an ancestor of
|
|
<em><commit></em>, or which are a descendant of <em><commit></em>, or are <em><commit></em>
|
|
itself.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>As an example use case, consider the following commit history:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> D---E-------F
|
|
/ \ \
|
|
B---C---G---H---I---J
|
|
/ \
|
|
A-------K---------------L--M</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>A regular <em>D..M</em> computes the set of commits that are ancestors of <code>M</code>,
|
|
but excludes the ones that are ancestors of <code>D</code>. This is useful to see
|
|
what happened to the history leading to <code>M</code> since <code>D</code>, in the sense
|
|
that "what does <code>M</code> have that did not exist in <code>D</code>". The result in this
|
|
example would be all the commits, except <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> (and <code>D</code> itself,
|
|
of course).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When we want to find out what commits in <code>M</code> are contaminated with the
|
|
bug introduced by <code>D</code> and need fixing, however, we might want to view
|
|
only the subset of <code>D</code><code>..</code><code>M</code> that are actually descendants of <code>D</code>, i.e.
|
|
excluding <code>C</code> and <code>K</code>. This is exactly what the <code>--ancestry-path</code>
|
|
option does. Applied to the <code>D</code><code>..</code><code>M</code> range, it results in:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> E-------F
|
|
\ \
|
|
G---H---I---J
|
|
\
|
|
L--M</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>We can also use <code>--ancestry-path=D</code> instead of <code>--ancestry-path</code> which
|
|
means the same thing when applied to the <code>D</code><code>..</code><code>M</code> range but is just more
|
|
explicit.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If we instead are interested in a given topic within this range, and all
|
|
commits affected by that topic, we may only want to view the subset of
|
|
<code>D</code><code>..</code><code>M</code> which contain that topic in their ancestry path. So, using
|
|
<code>--ancestry-path=H</code> <code>D</code><code>..</code><code>M</code> for example would result in:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> E
|
|
\
|
|
C---G---H---I---J
|
|
\
|
|
L--M</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Whereas <code>--ancestry-path=K</code> <code>D</code><code>..</code><code>M</code> would result in</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> K---------------L--M</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Before discussing another option, <code>--show-pulls</code>, we need to
|
|
create a new example history.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>A common problem users face when looking at simplified history is that a
|
|
commit they know changed a file somehow does not appear in the file’s
|
|
simplified history. Let’s demonstrate a new example and show how options
|
|
such as <code>--full-history</code> and <code>--simplify-merges</code> works in that case:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> .-A---M-----C--N---O---P
|
|
/ / \ \ \/ / /
|
|
I B \ R-'`-Z' /
|
|
\ / \/ /
|
|
\ / /\ /
|
|
`---X--' `---Y--'</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For this example, suppose <code>I</code> created <code>file.txt</code> which was modified by
|
|
<code>A</code>, <code>B</code>, and <code>X</code> in different ways. The single-parent commits <code>C</code>, <code>Z</code>,
|
|
and <code>Y</code> do not change <code>file.txt</code>. The merge commit <code>M</code> was created by
|
|
resolving the merge conflict to include both changes from <code>A</code> and <code>B</code>
|
|
and hence is not TREESAME to either. The merge commit <code>R</code>, however, was
|
|
created by ignoring the contents of <code>file.txt</code> at <code>M</code> and taking only
|
|
the contents of <code>file.txt</code> at <code>X</code>. Hence, <code>R</code> is TREESAME to <code>X</code> but not
|
|
<code>M</code>. Finally, the natural merge resolution to create <code>N</code> is to take the
|
|
contents of <code>file.txt</code> at <code>R</code>, so <code>N</code> is TREESAME to <code>R</code> but not <code>C</code>.
|
|
The merge commits <code>O</code> and <code>P</code> are TREESAME to their first parents, but
|
|
not to their second parents, <code>Z</code> and <code>Y</code> respectively.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When using the default mode, <code>N</code> and <code>R</code> both have a TREESAME parent, so
|
|
those edges are walked and the others are ignored. The resulting history
|
|
graph is:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> I---X</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When using <code>--full-history</code>, Git walks every edge. This will discover
|
|
the commits <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> and the merge <code>M</code>, but also will reveal the
|
|
merge commits <code>O</code> and <code>P</code>. With parent rewriting, the resulting graph is:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> .-A---M--------N---O---P
|
|
/ / \ \ \/ / /
|
|
I B \ R-'`--' /
|
|
\ / \/ /
|
|
\ / /\ /
|
|
`---X--' `------'</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Here, the merge commits <code>O</code> and <code>P</code> contribute extra noise, as they did
|
|
not actually contribute a change to <code>file.txt</code>. They only merged a topic
|
|
that was based on an older version of <code>file.txt</code>. This is a common
|
|
issue in repositories using a workflow where many contributors work in
|
|
parallel and merge their topic branches along a single trunk: many
|
|
unrelated merges appear in the <code>--full-history</code> results.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When using the <code>--simplify-merges</code> option, the commits <code>O</code> and <code>P</code>
|
|
disappear from the results. This is because the rewritten second parents
|
|
of <code>O</code> and <code>P</code> are reachable from their first parents. Those edges are
|
|
removed and then the commits look like single-parent commits that are
|
|
TREESAME to their parent. This also happens to the commit <code>N</code>, resulting
|
|
in a history view as follows:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> .-A---M--.
|
|
/ / \
|
|
I B R
|
|
\ / /
|
|
\ / /
|
|
`---X--'</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>In this view, we see all of the important single-parent changes from
|
|
<code>A</code>, <code>B</code>, and <code>X</code>. We also see the carefully-resolved merge <code>M</code> and the
|
|
not-so-carefully-resolved merge <code>R</code>. This is usually enough information
|
|
to determine why the commits <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> "disappeared" from history in
|
|
the default view. However, there are a few issues with this approach.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The first issue is performance. Unlike any previous option, the
|
|
<code>--simplify-merges</code> option requires walking the entire commit history
|
|
before returning a single result. This can make the option difficult to
|
|
use for very large repositories.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The second issue is one of auditing. When many contributors are working
|
|
on the same repository, it is important which merge commits introduced
|
|
a change into an important branch. The problematic merge <code>R</code> above is
|
|
not likely to be the merge commit that was used to merge into an
|
|
important branch. Instead, the merge <code>N</code> was used to merge <code>R</code> and <code>X</code>
|
|
into the important branch. This commit may have information about why
|
|
the change <code>X</code> came to override the changes from <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> in its
|
|
commit message.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--show-pulls</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
In addition to the commits shown in the default history, show
|
|
each merge commit that is not TREESAME to its first parent but
|
|
is TREESAME to a later parent.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When a merge commit is included by <code>--show-pulls</code>, the merge is
|
|
treated as if it "pulled" the change from another branch. When using
|
|
<code>--show-pulls</code> on this example (and no other options) the resulting
|
|
graph is:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> I---X---R---N</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Here, the merge commits <code>R</code> and <code>N</code> are included because they pulled
|
|
the commits <code>X</code> and <code>R</code> into the base branch, respectively. These
|
|
merges are the reason the commits <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> do not appear in the
|
|
default history.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When <code>--show-pulls</code> is paired with <code>--simplify-merges</code>, the
|
|
graph includes all of the necessary information:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> .-A---M--. N
|
|
/ / \ /
|
|
I B R
|
|
\ / /
|
|
\ / /
|
|
`---X--'</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Notice that since <code>M</code> is reachable from <code>R</code>, the edge from <code>N</code> to <code>M</code>
|
|
was simplified away. However, <code>N</code> still appears in the history as an
|
|
important commit because it "pulled" the change <code>R</code> into the main
|
|
branch.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>--simplify-by-decoration</code> option allows you to view only the
|
|
big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits
|
|
that are not referenced by tags. Commits are marked as !TREESAME
|
|
(in other words, kept after history simplification rules described
|
|
above) if (1) they are referenced by tags, or (2) they change the
|
|
contents of the paths given on the command line. All other
|
|
commits are marked as TREESAME (subject to be simplified away).</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_bisection_helpers">Bisection Helpers</h3>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--bisect</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
|
|
included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref
|
|
<code>refs/bisect/bad</code> is added to the included commits (if it
|
|
exists) and the good bisection refs <code>refs/bisect/good-*</code> are
|
|
added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there
|
|
are no refs in <code>refs/bisect/</code>, if
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> $ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>outputs <em>midpoint</em>, the output of the two commands</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> $ git rev-list foo ^midpoint
|
|
$ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which
|
|
introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
|
|
generate and test new 'midpoint’s until the commit chain is of length
|
|
one.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--bisect-vars</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
This calculates the same as <code>--bisect</code>, except that refs in
|
|
<code>refs/bisect/</code> are not used, and except that this outputs
|
|
text ready to be eval’ed by the shell. These lines will assign the
|
|
name of the midpoint revision to the variable <code>bisect_rev</code>, and the
|
|
expected number of commits to be tested after <code>bisect_rev</code> is tested
|
|
to <code>bisect_nr</code>, the expected number of commits to be tested if
|
|
<code>bisect_rev</code> turns out to be good to <code>bisect_good</code>, the expected
|
|
number of commits to be tested if <code>bisect_rev</code> turns out to be bad to
|
|
<code>bisect_bad</code>, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to
|
|
<code>bisect_all</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--bisect-all</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded
|
|
commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded
|
|
commits. Refs in <code>refs/bisect/</code> are not used. The farthest
|
|
from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by
|
|
<code>--bisect</code>.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to
|
|
test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they
|
|
may not compile for example).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option can be used along with <code>--bisect-vars</code>, in this case,
|
|
after all the sorted commit objects, there will be the same text as if
|
|
<code>--bisect-vars</code> had been used alone.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_commit_ordering">Commit Ordering</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--date-order</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
|
|
otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--author-date-order</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
|
|
otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--topo-order</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and
|
|
avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history
|
|
intermixed.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, in a commit history like this:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> ---1----2----4----7
|
|
\ \
|
|
3----5----6----8---</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, <code>git</code>
|
|
<code>rev-list</code> and friends with <code>--date-order</code> show the commits in the
|
|
timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>With <code>--topo-order</code>, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5
|
|
3 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to
|
|
avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed
|
|
together.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--reverse</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Output the commits chosen to be shown (see <em>Commit Limiting</em>
|
|
section above) in reverse order. Cannot be combined with
|
|
<code>--walk-reflogs</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_object_traversal">Object Traversal</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--objects</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
|
|
commits. <code>--objects</code> <code>foo</code> <code>^bar</code> thus means "send me
|
|
all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
|
|
object <code>bar</code> but not <code>foo</code>". See also <code>--object-names</code> below.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--in-commit-order</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print tree and blob ids in order of the commits. The tree
|
|
and blob ids are printed after they are first referenced
|
|
by a commit.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--objects-edge</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Similar to <code>--objects</code>, but also print the IDs of excluded
|
|
commits prefixed with a "<code>-</code>" character. This is used by
|
|
<a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a> to build a “thin” pack, which records
|
|
objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
|
|
excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--objects-edge-aggressive</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Similar to <code>--objects-edge</code>, but it tries harder to find excluded
|
|
commits at the cost of increased time. This is used instead of
|
|
<code>--objects-edge</code> to build “thin” packs for shallow repositories.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--indexed-objects</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Pretend as if all trees and blobs used by the index are listed
|
|
on the command line. Note that you probably want to use
|
|
<code>--objects</code>, too.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--unpacked</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only useful with <code>--objects</code>; print the object IDs that are not
|
|
in packs.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--object-names</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only useful with <code>--objects</code>; print the names of the object IDs
|
|
that are found. This is the default behavior. Note that the
|
|
"name" of each object is ambiguous, and mostly intended as a
|
|
hint for packing objects. In particular: no distinction is made between
|
|
the names of tags, trees, and blobs; path names may be modified
|
|
to remove newlines; and if an object would appear multiple times
|
|
with different names, only one name is shown.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--no-object-names</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only useful with <code>--objects</code>; does not print the names of the object
|
|
IDs that are found. This inverts <code>--object-names</code>. This flag allows
|
|
the output to be more easily parsed by commands such as
|
|
<a href="git-cat-file.html">git-cat-file(1)</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--filter=</code><em><filter-spec></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only useful with one of the <code>--objects*</code>; omits objects (usually
|
|
blobs) from the list of printed objects. The <em><filter-spec></em>
|
|
may be one of the following:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--filter=blob:none</code> omits all blobs.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--filter=blob:limit=</code><em><n></em>[<code>kmg</code>] omits blobs of size at least <em><n></em>
|
|
bytes or units. <em><n></em> may be zero. The suffixes <code>k</code>, <code>m</code>, and <code>g</code> can be used
|
|
to name units in KiB, MiB, or GiB. For example, <code>blob:limit=1k</code>
|
|
is the same as <em>blob:limit=1024</em>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--filter=object:type=</code>(<code>tag</code>|<code>commit</code>|<code>tree</code>|<code>blob</code>) omits all objects
|
|
which are not of the requested type.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--filter=sparse:oid=</code><em><blob-ish></em> uses a sparse-checkout
|
|
specification contained in the blob (or blob-expression) <em><blob-ish></em>
|
|
to omit blobs that would not be required for a sparse checkout on
|
|
the requested refs.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--filter=tree:</code><em><depth></em> omits all blobs and trees whose depth
|
|
from the root tree is >= <em><depth></em> (minimum depth if an object is located
|
|
at multiple depths in the commits traversed). <em><depth></em>=0 will not include
|
|
any trees or blobs unless included explicitly in the command-line (or
|
|
standard input when <code>--stdin</code> is used). <em><depth></em>=1 will include only the
|
|
tree and blobs which are referenced directly by a commit reachable from
|
|
<em><commit></em> or an explicitly-given object. <em><depth></em>=2 is like <depth>=1
|
|
while also including trees and blobs one more level removed from an
|
|
explicitly-given commit or tree.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that the form <code>--filter=sparse:path=</code><em><path></em> that wants to read
|
|
from an arbitrary path on the filesystem has been dropped for security
|
|
reasons.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Multiple <code>--filter=</code> flags can be specified to combine filters. Only
|
|
objects which are accepted by every filter are included.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--filter=combine:</code><em><filter1></em><code>+</code><em><filter2></em><code>+</code><code>...</code><em><filterN></em> can also be
|
|
used to combined several filters, but this is harder than just repeating
|
|
the <code>--filter</code> flag and is usually not necessary. Filters are joined by
|
|
<em>+</em> and individual filters are %-encoded (i.e. URL-encoded).
|
|
Besides the <em>+</em> and <em>%</em> characters, the following characters are
|
|
reserved and also must be encoded: <code>~</code>!@#$^&*()[]{};",<>?<code>'`</code>
|
|
as well as all characters with ASCII code <= <code>0x20</code>, which includes
|
|
space and newline.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Other arbitrary characters can also be encoded. For instance,
|
|
<code>combine:tree:3+blob:none</code> and <code>combine:tree</code>%3A3+blob%3Anone are
|
|
equivalent.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--no-filter</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Turn off any previous <code>--filter=</code> argument.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--filter-provided-objects</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Filter the list of explicitly provided objects, which would otherwise
|
|
always be printed even if they did not match any of the filters. Only
|
|
useful with <code>--filter=</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--filter-print-omitted</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only useful with <code>--filter=</code>; prints a list of the objects omitted
|
|
by the filter. Object IDs are prefixed with a “~” character.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--missing=</code><em><missing-action></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
A debug option to help with future "partial clone" development.
|
|
This option specifies how missing objects are handled.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--missing=error</code> requests that rev-list stop with an error if
|
|
a missing object is encountered. This is the default action.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--missing=allow-any</code> will allow object traversal to continue
|
|
if a missing object is encountered. Missing objects will silently be
|
|
omitted from the results.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--missing=allow-promisor</code> is like <code>allow-any</code>, but will only
|
|
allow object traversal to continue for EXPECTED promisor missing objects.
|
|
Unexpected missing objects will raise an error.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--missing=print</code> is like <code>allow-any</code>, but will also print a
|
|
list of the missing objects. Object IDs are prefixed with a “?” character.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The form <code>--missing=print-info</code> is like <code>print</code>, but will also print additional
|
|
information about the missing object inferred from its containing object. The
|
|
information is all printed on the same line with the missing object ID in the
|
|
form: ?<em><oid></em> [<em><token></em><code>=</code><em><value></em>].... The <em><token></em><code>=</code><em><value></em> pairs containing
|
|
additional information are separated from each other by a <em>SP</em>. The value is
|
|
encoded in a token specific fashion, but <em>SP</em> or <em>LF</em> contained in value are always
|
|
expected to be represented in such a way that the resulting encoded value does
|
|
not have either of these two problematic bytes. Each <em><token></em><code>=</code><em><value></em> may be
|
|
one of the following:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <code>path=</code><em><path></em> shows the path of the missing object inferred from a
|
|
containing object. A path containing <em>SP</em> or special characters is enclosed in
|
|
double-quotes in the C style as needed.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <code>type=</code><em><type></em> shows the type of the missing object inferred from a
|
|
containing object.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If some tips passed to the traversal are missing, they will be
|
|
considered as missing too, and the traversal will ignore them. In case
|
|
we cannot get their Object ID though, an error will be raised.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--exclude-promisor-objects</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
(For internal use only.) Prefilter object traversal at
|
|
promisor boundary. This is used with partial clone. This is
|
|
stronger than <code>--missing=allow-promisor</code> because it limits the
|
|
traversal, rather than just silencing errors about missing
|
|
objects.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--no-walk</code>[<code>=</code>(<code>sorted</code>|<code>unsorted</code>)]
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors.
|
|
This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument
|
|
<code>unsorted</code> is given, the commits are shown in the order they were
|
|
given on the command line. Otherwise (if <code>sorted</code> or no argument
|
|
was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order
|
|
by commit time.
|
|
Cannot be combined with <code>--graph</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--do-walk</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Overrides a previous <code>--no-walk</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_commit_formatting">Commit Formatting</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Using these options, <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a> will act similar to the
|
|
more specialized family of commit log tools:
|
|
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, <a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>, and <a href="git-whatchanged.html">git-whatchanged(1)</a>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--pretty</code>[<code>=</code><em><format></em>]
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--format=</code><em><format></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
|
|
where <em><format></em> can be one of <code>oneline</code>, <code>short</code>, <code>medium</code>,
|
|
<code>full</code>, <code>fuller</code>, <code>reference</code>, <code>email</code>, <code>raw</code>, <code>format:</code><em><string></em>
|
|
and <code>tformat:</code><em><string></em>. When <em><format></em> is none of the above,
|
|
and has %<em><placeholder></em> in it, it acts as if
|
|
<code>--pretty=tformat:</code><em><format></em> were given.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
|
|
format. When <code>=</code><em><format></em> part is omitted, it defaults to <code>medium</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
<table><tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
|
|
configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</td>
|
|
</tr></table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--abbrev-commit</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
|
|
name, show a prefix that names the object uniquely.
|
|
<code>--abbrev=</code><em><n></em> (which also modifies diff output, if it is displayed)
|
|
option can be used to specify the minimum length of the prefix.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This should make <code>--pretty=oneline</code> a whole lot more readable for
|
|
people using 80-column terminals.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--no-abbrev-commit</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Show the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name. This negates
|
|
<code>--abbrev-commit</code>, either explicit or implied by other options such
|
|
as <code>--oneline</code>. It also overrides the <code>log.abbrevCommit</code> variable.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--oneline</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
This is a shorthand for <code>--pretty=oneline</code> <code>--abbrev-commit</code>
|
|
used together.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--encoding=</code><em><encoding></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Commit objects record the character encoding used for the log message
|
|
in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
|
|
command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
|
|
preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this
|
|
defaults to UTF-8. Note that if an object claims to be encoded
|
|
in <code>X</code> and we are outputting in <code>X</code>, we will output the object
|
|
verbatim; this means that invalid sequences in the original
|
|
commit may be copied to the output. Likewise, if iconv(3) fails
|
|
to convert the commit, we will quietly output the original
|
|
object verbatim.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--expand-tabs=</code><em><n></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--expand-tabs</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--no-expand-tabs</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Perform a tab expansion (replace each tab with enough spaces
|
|
to fill to the next display column that is a multiple of <em><n></em>)
|
|
in the log message before showing it in the output.
|
|
<code>--expand-tabs</code> is a short-hand for <code>--expand-tabs=8</code>, and
|
|
<code>--no-expand-tabs</code> is a short-hand for <code>--expand-tabs=0</code>,
|
|
which disables tab expansion.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, tabs are expanded in pretty formats that indent the log
|
|
message by 4 spaces (i.e. <code>medium</code>, which is the default, <code>full</code>,
|
|
and <code>fuller</code>).</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--show-signature</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature
|
|
to <code>gpg</code> <code>--verify</code> and show the output.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--relative-date</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Synonym for <code>--date=relative</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--date=</code><em><format></em>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
|
|
as when using <code>--pretty</code>. <code>log.date</code> config variable sets a default
|
|
value for the log command’s <code>--date</code> option. By default, dates
|
|
are shown in the original time zone (either committer’s or
|
|
author’s). If <code>-local</code> is appended to the format (e.g.,
|
|
<code>iso-local</code>), the user’s local time zone is used instead.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=relative</code> shows dates relative to the current time,
|
|
e.g. “2 hours ago”. The <code>-local</code> option has no effect for
|
|
<code>--date=relative</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=local</code> is an alias for <code>--date=default-local</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=iso</code> (or <code>--date=iso8601</code>) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format.
|
|
The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
a space instead of the <code>T</code> date/time delimiter
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
a space between time and time zone
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
no colon between hours and minutes of the time zone
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=iso-strict</code> (or <code>--date=iso8601-strict</code>) shows timestamps in strict
|
|
ISO 8601 format.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=rfc</code> (or <code>--date=rfc2822</code>) shows timestamps in RFC 2822
|
|
format, often found in email messages.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=short</code> shows only the date, but not the time, in <code>YYYY-MM-DD</code> format.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=raw</code> shows the date as seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01
|
|
00:00:00 UTC), followed by a space, and then the timezone as an offset
|
|
from UTC (a <code>+</code> or <code>-</code> with four digits; the first two are hours, and
|
|
the second two are minutes). I.e., as if the timestamp were formatted
|
|
with <code>strftime</code>("%s %z")).
|
|
Note that the <code>-local</code> option does not affect the seconds-since-epoch
|
|
value (which is always measured in UTC), but does switch the accompanying
|
|
timezone value.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=human</code> shows the timezone if the timezone does not match the
|
|
current time-zone, and doesn’t print the whole date if that matches
|
|
(ie skip printing year for dates that are "this year", but also skip
|
|
the whole date itself if it’s in the last few days and we can just say
|
|
what weekday it was). For older dates the hour and minute is also
|
|
omitted.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=unix</code> shows the date as a Unix epoch timestamp (seconds since
|
|
1970). As with <code>--raw</code>, this is always in UTC and therefore <code>-local</code>
|
|
has no effect.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=format:</code><em><format></em> feeds the <em><format></em> to your system <code>strftime</code>,
|
|
except for %s, %z, and %Z, which are handled internally.
|
|
Use <code>--date=format:</code>%c to show the date in your system locale’s
|
|
preferred format. See the <code>strftime</code>(3) manual for a complete list of
|
|
format placeholders. When using <code>-local</code>, the correct syntax is
|
|
<code>--date=format-local:</code><em><format></em>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=default</code> is the default format, and is based on ctime(3)
|
|
output. It shows a single line with three-letter day of the week,
|
|
three-letter month, day-of-month, hour-minute-seconds in "HH:MM:SS"
|
|
format, followed by 4-digit year, plus timezone information, unless
|
|
the local time zone is used, e.g. <code>Thu</code> <code>Jan</code> <code>1</code> <code>00:00:00</code> <code>1970</code> <code>+0000</code>.</p></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--header</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
|
|
separated with a NUL character.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--no-commit-header</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Suppress the header line containing "commit" and the object ID printed before
|
|
the specified format. This has no effect on the built-in formats; only custom
|
|
formats are affected.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--commit-header</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Overrides a previous <code>--no-commit-header</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--parents</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent…").
|
|
Also enables parent rewriting, see <em>History Simplification</em> above.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--children</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child…").
|
|
Also enables parent rewriting, see <em>History Simplification</em> above.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--timestamp</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print the raw commit timestamp.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--left-right</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Mark which side of a symmetric difference a commit is reachable from.
|
|
Commits from the left side are prefixed with < and those from
|
|
the right with >. If combined with <code>--boundary</code>, those
|
|
commits are prefixed with <code>-</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, if you have this topology:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> y---b---b branch B
|
|
/ \ /
|
|
/ .
|
|
/ / \
|
|
o---x---a---a branch A</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>you would get an output like this:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B
|
|
|
|
>bbbbbbb... 3rd on b
|
|
>bbbbbbb... 2nd on b
|
|
<aaaaaaa... 3rd on a
|
|
<aaaaaaa... 2nd on a
|
|
-yyyyyyy... 1st on b
|
|
-xxxxxxx... 1st on a</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--graph</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history
|
|
on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines
|
|
to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history
|
|
to be drawn properly.
|
|
Cannot be combined with <code>--no-walk</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This enables parent rewriting, see <em>History Simplification</em> above.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This implies the <code>--topo-order</code> option by default, but the
|
|
<code>--date-order</code> option may also be specified.</p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--show-linear-break</code>[<code>=</code><em><barrier></em>]
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
When <code>--graph</code> is not used, all history branches are flattened
|
|
which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits
|
|
do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier
|
|
in between them in that case. If <em><barrier></em> is specified, it
|
|
is the string that will be shown instead of the default one.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>--count</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print a number stating how many commits would have been
|
|
listed, and suppress all other output. When used together
|
|
with <code>--left-right</code>, instead print the counts for left and
|
|
right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with
|
|
<code>--cherry-mark</code>, omit patch equivalent commits from these
|
|
counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated
|
|
by a tab.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
|
|
is not <code>oneline</code>, <code>email</code> or <code>raw</code>, an additional line is
|
|
inserted before the <code>Author:</code> line. This line begins with
|
|
"Merge: " and the hashes of ancestral commits are printed,
|
|
separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
|
|
necessarily be the list of the <em>direct</em> parent commits if you
|
|
have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
|
|
only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
|
|
file.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are several built-in formats, and you can define
|
|
additional formats by setting a pretty.<name>
|
|
config option to either another format name, or a
|
|
<code>format:</code> string, as described below (see
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Here are the details of the
|
|
built-in formats:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>oneline</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><hash> <title-line></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>short</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>commit <hash>
|
|
Author: <author></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><title-line></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>medium</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>commit <hash>
|
|
Author: <author>
|
|
Date: <author-date></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><title-line></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><full-commit-message></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>full</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>commit <hash>
|
|
Author: <author>
|
|
Commit: <committer></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><title-line></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><full-commit-message></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>fuller</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>commit <hash>
|
|
Author: <author>
|
|
AuthorDate: <author-date>
|
|
Commit: <committer>
|
|
CommitDate: <committer-date></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><title-line></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><full-commit-message></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>reference</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><abbrev-hash> (<title-line>, <short-author-date>)</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This format is used to refer to another commit in a commit message and
|
|
is the same as <code>--pretty='format:%C(auto)%h (%s, %ad)'</code>. By default,
|
|
the date is formatted with <code>--date=short</code> unless another <code>--date</code> option
|
|
is explicitly specified. As with any <code>format:</code> with format
|
|
placeholders, its output is not affected by other options like
|
|
<code>--decorate</code> and <code>--walk-reflogs</code>.</p></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>email</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>From <hash> <date>
|
|
From: <author>
|
|
Date: <author-date>
|
|
Subject: [PATCH] <title-line></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code><full-commit-message></code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>mboxrd</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Like <code>email</code>, but lines in the commit message starting with "From "
|
|
(preceded by zero or more ">") are quoted with ">" so they aren’t
|
|
confused as starting a new commit.</p></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>raw</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>raw</code> format shows the entire commit exactly as
|
|
stored in the commit object. Notably, the hashes are
|
|
displayed in full, regardless of whether <code>--abbrev</code> or
|
|
<code>--no-abbrev</code> are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
|
|
true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
|
|
simplification into account. Note that this format affects the way
|
|
commits are displayed, but not the way the diff is shown e.g. with
|
|
<code>git</code> <code>log</code> <code>--raw</code>. To get full object names in a raw diff format,
|
|
use <code>--no-abbrev</code>.</p></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>format:</code><em><format-string></em>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>format:</code><em><format-string></em> format allows you to specify which information
|
|
you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
|
|
with the notable exception that you get a newline with %n
|
|
instead of <code>\n</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"</em>
|
|
would show something like this:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
|
|
The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The placeholders are:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Placeholders that expand to a single literal character:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%n</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
newline
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%%</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
a raw <code>%</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%x00</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>%x</code> followed by two hexadecimal digits is replaced with a
|
|
byte with the hexadecimal digits' value (we will call this
|
|
"literal formatting code" in the rest of this document).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Placeholders that affect formatting of later placeholders:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%Cred</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
switch color to red
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%Cgreen</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
switch color to green
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%Cblue</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
switch color to blue
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%Creset</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
reset color
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%C(</code><em><spec></em><code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
color specification, as described under Values in the
|
|
"CONFIGURATION FILE" section of <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. By
|
|
default, colors are shown only when enabled for log output
|
|
(by <code>color.diff</code>, <code>color.ui</code>, or <code>--color</code>, and respecting
|
|
the <code>auto</code> settings of the former if we are going to a
|
|
terminal). <code>%C(auto,</code><em><spec></em><code>)</code> is accepted as a historical
|
|
synonym for the default (e.g., <code>%C(auto,red)</code>). Specifying
|
|
<code>%C(always,</code><em><spec></em><code>)</code> will show the colors even when color is
|
|
not otherwise enabled (though consider just using
|
|
<code>--color=always</code> to enable color for the whole output,
|
|
including this format and anything else git might color).
|
|
<code>auto</code> alone (i.e. <code>%C(auto)</code>) will turn on auto coloring
|
|
on the next placeholders until the color is switched
|
|
again.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%m</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
left (<), right (>) or boundary (<code>-</code>) mark
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%w(</code>[<em><w></em>[<code>,</code><em><i1></em>[<code>,</code><em><i2></em>]]]<code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
switch line wrapping, like the <code>-w</code> option of
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%<(</code><em><n></em>[<code>,</code>(<code>trunc</code>|<code>ltrunc</code>|<code>mtrunc</code>)]<code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
make the next placeholder take at
|
|
least N column widths, padding spaces on
|
|
the right if necessary. Optionally
|
|
truncate (with ellipsis ..) at the left (ltrunc) <code>..</code><code>ft</code>,
|
|
the middle (mtrunc) <code>mi</code><code>..</code><code>le</code>, or the end
|
|
(trunc) <code>rig.</code>., if the output is longer than
|
|
<em><n></em> columns.
|
|
Note 1: that truncating
|
|
only works correctly with <em><n></em> >= 2.
|
|
Note 2: spaces around the <em><n></em> and <em><m></em> (see below)
|
|
values are optional.
|
|
Note 3: Emojis and other wide characters
|
|
will take two display columns, which may
|
|
over-run column boundaries.
|
|
Note 4: decomposed character combining marks
|
|
may be misplaced at padding boundaries.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%<|(</code><em><m></em> <code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
make the next placeholder take at least until <em><m></em> th
|
|
display column, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
|
|
Use negative <em><m></em> values for column positions measured
|
|
from the right hand edge of the terminal window.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%>(</code><em><n></em><code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%>|(</code><em><m></em><code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
similar to <code>%<(</code><em><n></em><code>)</code>, <code>%<|(</code><em><m></em><code>)</code> respectively,
|
|
but padding spaces on the left
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%>>(</code><em><n></em><code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%>>|(</code><em><m></em><code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
similar to <code>%>(</code><em><n></em><code>)</code>, <code>%>|(</code><em><m></em><code>)</code>
|
|
respectively, except that if the next
|
|
placeholder takes more spaces than given and
|
|
there are spaces on its left, use those
|
|
spaces
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%><(</code><em><n></em><code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%><|(</code><em><m></em><code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
similar to <code>%<(</code><em><n></em><code>)</code>, <code>%<|(</code><em><m></em><code>)</code>
|
|
respectively, but padding both sides
|
|
(i.e. the text is centered)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Placeholders that expand to information extracted from the commit:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%H</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
commit hash
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%h</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
abbreviated commit hash
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%T</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
tree hash
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%t</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
abbreviated tree hash
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%P</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
parent hashes
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%p</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
abbreviated parent hashes
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%an</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author name
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%aN</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>
|
|
or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%ae</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author email
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%aE</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>
|
|
or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%al</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author email local-part (the part before the <code>@</code> sign)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%aL</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author local-part (see <code>%al</code>) respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%ad</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author date (format respects --date= option)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%aD</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author date, RFC2822 style
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%ar</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author date, relative
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%at</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author date, UNIX timestamp
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%ai</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author date, ISO 8601-like format
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%aI</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author date, strict ISO 8601 format
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%as</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author date, short format (<code>YYYY-MM-DD</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%ah</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
author date, human style (like the <code>--date=human</code> option of
|
|
<a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%cn</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer name
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%cN</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%ce</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer email
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%cE</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%cl</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer email local-part (the part before the <code>@</code> sign)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%cL</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer local-part (see <code>%cl</code>) respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%cd</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer date (format respects --date= option)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%cD</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer date, RFC2822 style
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%cr</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer date, relative
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%ct</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer date, UNIX timestamp
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%ci</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer date, ISO 8601-like format
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%cI</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%cs</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer date, short format (<code>YYYY-MM-DD</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%ch</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
committer date, human style (like the <code>--date=human</code> option of
|
|
<a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%d</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
ref names, like the --decorate option of <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%D</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%(decorate</code>[<code>:</code><em><option></em><code>,.</code>..]<code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
ref names with custom decorations. The <code>decorate</code> string may be followed by a
|
|
colon and zero or more comma-separated options. Option values may contain
|
|
literal formatting codes. These must be used for commas (%x2C) and closing
|
|
parentheses (%x29), due to their role in the option syntax.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>prefix=</code><em><value></em>: Shown before the list of ref names. Defaults to " +(+".
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>suffix=</code><em><value></em>: Shown after the list of ref names. Defaults to "<code>)</code>".
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>separator=</code><em><value></em>: Shown between ref names. Defaults to "<code>,</code> ".
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>pointer=</code><em><value></em>: Shown between HEAD and the branch it points to, if any.
|
|
Defaults to " +→+ ".
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>tag=</code><em><value></em>: Shown before tag names. Defaults to "<code>tag:</code> ".
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, to produce decorations with no wrapping
|
|
or tag annotations, and spaces as separators:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>%(decorate:prefix=,suffix=,tag=,separator= )</code></p></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%(describe</code>[<code>:</code><em><option></em><code>,.</code>..]<code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
human-readable name, like <a href="git-describe.html">git-describe(1)</a>; empty string for
|
|
undescribable commits. The <code>describe</code> string may be followed by a colon and
|
|
zero or more comma-separated options. Descriptions can be inconsistent when
|
|
tags are added or removed at the same time.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>tags</code>[<code>=</code><em><bool-value></em>]: Instead of only considering annotated tags,
|
|
consider lightweight tags as well.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>abbrev=</code><em><number></em>: Instead of using the default number of hexadecimal digits
|
|
(which will vary according to the number of objects in the repository with a
|
|
default of 7) of the abbreviated object name, use <number> digits, or as many
|
|
digits as needed to form a unique object name.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>match=</code><em><pattern></em>: Only consider tags matching the given
|
|
<code>glob</code>(<code>7</code>) <em><pattern></em>, excluding the <code>refs/tags/</code> prefix.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>exclude=</code><em><pattern></em>: Do not consider tags matching the given
|
|
<code>glob</code>(<code>7</code>) <em><pattern></em>, excluding the <code>refs/tags/</code> prefix.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%S</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
ref name given on the command line by which the commit was reached
|
|
(like <code>git</code> <code>log</code> <code>--source</code>), only works with <code>git</code> <code>log</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%e</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
encoding
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%s</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
subject
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%f</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%b</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
body
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%B</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%GG</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%G?</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
show "G" for a good (valid) signature,
|
|
"B" for a bad signature,
|
|
"U" for a good signature with unknown validity,
|
|
"X" for a good signature that has expired,
|
|
"Y" for a good signature made by an expired key,
|
|
"R" for a good signature made by a revoked key,
|
|
"E" if the signature cannot be checked (e.g. missing key)
|
|
and "N" for no signature
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%GS</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
show the name of the signer for a signed commit
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%GK</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
show the key used to sign a signed commit
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%GF</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
show the fingerprint of the key used to sign a signed commit
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%GP</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
show the fingerprint of the primary key whose subkey was used
|
|
to sign a signed commit
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%GT</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
show the trust level for the key used to sign a signed commit
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%gD</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
reflog selector, e.g., <code>refs/stash@</code>{1} or <code>refs/stash@</code>{2
|
|
<code>minutes</code> <code>ago</code>}; the format follows the rules described for the
|
|
<code>-g</code> option. The portion before the <code>@</code> is the refname as
|
|
given on the command line (so <code>git</code> <code>log</code> <code>-g</code> <code>refs/heads/master</code>
|
|
would yield <code>refs/heads/master@</code>{0}).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%gd</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
shortened reflog selector; same as %gD, but the refname
|
|
portion is shortened for human readability (so
|
|
<code>refs/heads/master</code> becomes just <code>master</code>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%gn</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
reflog identity name
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%gN</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%ge</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
reflog identity email
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%gE</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%gs</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
reflog subject
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
<code>%(trailers</code>[<code>:</code><em><option></em><code>,.</code>..]<code>)</code>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
display the trailers of the body as interpreted by
|
|
<a href="git-interpret-trailers.html">git-interpret-trailers(1)</a>. The <code>trailers</code> string may be followed by
|
|
a colon and zero or more comma-separated options. If any option is provided
|
|
multiple times, the last occurrence wins.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>key=</code><em><key></em>: only show trailers with specified <key>. Matching is done
|
|
case-insensitively and trailing colon is optional. If option is
|
|
given multiple times trailer lines matching any of the keys are
|
|
shown. This option automatically enables the <code>only</code> option so that
|
|
non-trailer lines in the trailer block are hidden. If that is not
|
|
desired it can be disabled with <code>only=false</code>. E.g.,
|
|
<code>%(trailers:key=Reviewed-by)</code> shows trailer lines with key
|
|
<code>Reviewed-by</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>only</code>[<code>=</code><em><bool></em>]: select whether non-trailer lines from the trailer
|
|
block should be included.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>separator=</code><em><sep></em>: specify the separator inserted between trailer
|
|
lines. Defaults to a line feed character. The string <sep> may contain
|
|
the literal formatting codes described above. To use comma as
|
|
separator one must use %x2C as it would otherwise be parsed as
|
|
next option. E.g., <code>%(trailers:key=Ticket,separator=%x2C )</code>
|
|
shows all trailer lines whose key is "Ticket" separated by a comma
|
|
and a space.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>unfold</code>[<code>=</code><em><bool></em>]: make it behave as if interpret-trailer’s <code>--unfold</code>
|
|
option was given. E.g.,
|
|
<code>%(trailers:only,unfold=true)</code> unfolds and shows all trailer lines.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>keyonly</code>[<code>=</code><em><bool></em>]: only show the key part of the trailer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>valueonly</code>[<code>=</code><em><bool></em>]: only show the value part of the trailer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>key_value_separator=</code><em><sep></em>: specify the separator inserted between
|
|
the key and value of each trailer. Defaults to ": ". Otherwise it
|
|
shares the same semantics as <code>separator=</code><em><sep></em> above.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
<table><tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
|
|
revision traversal engine. For example, the <code>%g*</code> reflog options will
|
|
insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
|
|
<code>git</code> <code>log</code> <code>-g</code>). The <code>%d</code> and <code>%D</code> placeholders will use the "short"
|
|
decoration format if <code>--decorate</code> was not already provided on the command
|
|
line.</td>
|
|
</tr></table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The boolean options accept an optional value [<code>=</code><em><bool-value></em>]. The
|
|
values taken by <code>--type=bool</code> <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>, like <code>yes</code> and <code>off</code>,
|
|
are all accepted. Giving a boolean option without <code>=</code><em><value></em> is
|
|
equivalent to giving it with <code>=true</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <code>+</code> (plus sign) after <code>%</code> of a placeholder, a line-feed
|
|
is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
|
|
placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <code>-</code> (minus sign) after <code>%</code> of a placeholder, all consecutive
|
|
line-feeds immediately preceding the expansion are deleted if and only if the
|
|
placeholder expands to an empty string.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a ' ' (space) after <code>%</code> of a placeholder, a space
|
|
is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
|
|
placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>tformat:</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>tformat:</code> format works exactly like <code>format:</code>, except that it
|
|
provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
|
|
other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
|
|
newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
|
|
This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
|
|
terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
|
|
For example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
|
|
| perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
|
|
4da45be
|
|
7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
|
|
|
|
$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
|
|
| perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
|
|
4da45be
|
|
7134973</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>In addition, any unrecognized string that has a <code>%</code> in it is interpreted
|
|
as if it has <code>tformat:</code> in front of it. For example, these two are
|
|
equivalent:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
|
|
$ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print the list of commits reachable from the current branch.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>git rev-list HEAD</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print the list of commits on this branch, but not present in the
|
|
upstream branch.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>git rev-list @{upstream}..HEAD</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Format commits with their author and commit message (see also the
|
|
porcelain <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>git rev-list --format=medium HEAD</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Format commits along with their diffs (see also the porcelain
|
|
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, which can do this in a single process).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>git rev-list HEAD |
|
|
git diff-tree --stdin --format=medium -p</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print the list of commits on the current branch that touched any
|
|
file in the <code>Documentation</code> directory.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>git rev-list HEAD -- Documentation/</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print the list of commits authored by you in the past year, on
|
|
any branch, tag, or other ref.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>git rev-list --author=you@example.com --since=1.year.ago --all</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Print the list of objects reachable from the current branch (i.e., all
|
|
commits and the blobs and trees they contain).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>git rev-list --objects HEAD</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Compare the disk size of all reachable objects, versus those
|
|
reachable from reflogs, versus the total packed size. This can tell
|
|
you whether running <code>git</code> <code>repack</code> <code>-ad</code> might reduce the repository size
|
|
(by dropping unreachable objects), and whether expiring reflogs might
|
|
help.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code># reachable objects
|
|
git rev-list --disk-usage --objects --all
|
|
# plus reflogs
|
|
git rev-list --disk-usage --objects --all --reflog
|
|
# total disk size used
|
|
du -c .git/objects/pack/*.pack .git/objects/??/*
|
|
# alternative to du: add up "size" and "size-pack" fields
|
|
git count-objects -v</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Report the disk size of each branch, not including objects used by the
|
|
current branch. This can find outliers that are contributing to a
|
|
bloated repository size (e.g., because somebody accidentally committed
|
|
large build artifacts).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>git for-each-ref --format='%(refname)' |
|
|
while read branch
|
|
do
|
|
size=$(git rev-list --disk-usage --objects HEAD..$branch)
|
|
echo "$size $branch"
|
|
done |
|
|
sort -n</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Compare the on-disk size of branches in one group of refs, excluding
|
|
another. If you co-mingle objects from multiple remotes in a single
|
|
repository, this can show which remotes are contributing to the
|
|
repository size (taking the size of <code>origin</code> as a baseline).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>git rev-list --disk-usage --objects --remotes=$suspect --not --remotes=origin</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated
|
|
2025-08-18 02:18:23 CEST
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|