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Frank Harris 2026-06-06 18:46:40 -04:00
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=head1 NAME
File::Basename - Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use File::Basename;
my ($name, $path, $suffix) = fileparse($fullname, @suffixlist);
my $name = fileparse($fullname, @suffixlist);
my $basename = basename($fullname, @suffixlist);
my $dirname = dirname($fullname);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
These routines allow you to parse file paths into their directory, filename
and suffix.
B<NOTE>: C<dirname()> and C<basename()> emulate the behaviours, and
quirks, of the shell and C functions of the same name. See each
function's documentation for details. If your concern is just parsing
paths it is safer to use L<File::Spec>'s C<splitpath()> and
C<splitdir()> methods.
It is guaranteed that
# Where $path_separator is / for Unix, \ for Windows, etc...
dirname($path) . $path_separator . basename($path);
is equivalent to the original path for all systems but VMS.
=cut
package File::Basename;
# File::Basename is used during the Perl build, when the re extension may
# not be available, but we only actually need it if running under tainting.
BEGIN {
if (${^TAINT}) {
require re;
re->import('taint');
}
}
use strict;
use 5.006;
use warnings;
our(@ISA, @EXPORT, $VERSION, $Fileparse_fstype, $Fileparse_igncase);
require Exporter;
@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw(fileparse fileparse_set_fstype basename dirname);
$VERSION = "2.86";
fileparse_set_fstype($^O);
=over 4
=item C<fileparse>
X<fileparse>
my($filename, $dirs, $suffix) = fileparse($path);
my($filename, $dirs, $suffix) = fileparse($path, @suffixes);
my $filename = fileparse($path, @suffixes);
The C<fileparse()> routine divides a file path into its $dirs, $filename
and (optionally) the filename $suffix.
$dirs contains everything up to and including the last
directory separator in the $path including the volume (if applicable).
The remainder of the $path is the $filename.
# On Unix returns ("baz", "/foo/bar/", "")
fileparse("/foo/bar/baz");
# On Windows returns ("baz", 'C:\foo\bar\', "")
fileparse('C:\foo\bar\baz');
# On Unix returns ("", "/foo/bar/baz/", "")
fileparse("/foo/bar/baz/");
If @suffixes are given each element is a pattern (either a string or a
C<qr//>) matched against the end of the $filename. The matching
portion is removed and becomes the $suffix.
# On Unix returns ("baz", "/foo/bar/", ".txt")
fileparse("/foo/bar/baz.txt", qr/\.[^.]*/);
If type is non-Unix (see L</fileparse_set_fstype>) then the pattern
matching for suffix removal is performed case-insensitively, since
those systems are not case-sensitive when opening existing files.
You are guaranteed that C<$dirs . $filename . $suffix> will
denote the same location as the original $path.
=cut
sub fileparse {
my($fullname,@suffices) = @_;
unless (defined $fullname) {
require Carp;
Carp::croak("fileparse(): need a valid pathname");
}
my $orig_type = '';
my($type,$igncase) = ($Fileparse_fstype, $Fileparse_igncase);
my($taint) = substr($fullname,0,0); # Is $fullname tainted?
if ($type eq "VMS" and $fullname =~ m{/} ) {
# We're doing Unix emulation
$orig_type = $type;
$type = 'Unix';
}
my($dirpath, $basename);
if (grep { $type eq $_ } qw(MSDOS DOS MSWin32 Epoc)) {
($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ /^((?:.*[:\\\/])?)(.*)/s);
$dirpath .= '.\\' unless $dirpath =~ /[\\\/]\z/;
}
elsif ($type eq "OS2") {
($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ m#^((?:.*[:\\/])?)(.*)#s);
$dirpath = './' unless $dirpath; # Can't be 0
$dirpath .= '/' unless $dirpath =~ m#[\\/]\z#;
}
elsif ($type eq "MacOS") {
($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ /^(.*:)?(.*)/s);
$dirpath = ':' unless $dirpath;
}
elsif ($type eq "AmigaOS") {
($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ /(.*[:\/])?(.*)/s);
$dirpath = './' unless $dirpath;
}
elsif ($type eq 'VMS' ) {
($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ /^(.*[:>\]])?(.*)/s);
$dirpath ||= ''; # should always be defined
}
else { # Default to Unix semantics.
($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ m{^(.*/)?(.*)}s);
if ($orig_type eq 'VMS' and $fullname =~ m{^(/[^/]+/000000(/|$))(.*)}) {
# dev:[000000] is top of VMS tree, similar to Unix '/'
# so strip it off and treat the rest as "normal"
my $devspec = $1;
my $remainder = $3;
($dirpath,$basename) = ($remainder =~ m{^(.*/)?(.*)}s);
$dirpath ||= ''; # should always be defined
$dirpath = $devspec.$dirpath;
}
$dirpath = './' unless $dirpath;
}
my $tail = '';
my $suffix = '';
if (@suffices) {
foreach $suffix (@suffices) {
my $pat = ($igncase ? '(?i)' : '') . "($suffix)\$";
if ($basename =~ s/$pat//s) {
$taint .= substr($suffix,0,0);
$tail = $1 . $tail;
}
}
}
# Ensure taint is propagated from the path to its pieces.
$tail .= $taint;
wantarray ? ($basename .= $taint, $dirpath .= $taint, $tail)
: ($basename .= $taint);
}
=item C<basename>
X<basename> X<filename>
my $filename = basename($path);
my $filename = basename($path, @suffixes);
This function is provided for compatibility with the Unix shell command
C<basename(1)>. It does B<NOT> always return the file name portion of a
path as you might expect. To be safe, if you want the file name portion of
a path use C<fileparse()>.
C<basename()> returns the last level of a filepath even if the last
level is clearly directory. In effect, it is acting like C<pop()> for
paths. This differs from C<fileparse()>'s behaviour.
# Both return "bar"
basename("/foo/bar");
basename("/foo/bar/");
@suffixes work as in C<fileparse()> except all regex metacharacters are
quoted.
# These two function calls are equivalent.
my $filename = basename("/foo/bar/baz.txt", ".txt");
my $filename = fileparse("/foo/bar/baz.txt", qr/\Q.txt\E/);
Also note that in order to be compatible with the shell command,
C<basename()> does not strip off a suffix if it is identical to the
remaining characters in the filename.
=cut
sub basename {
my($path) = shift;
# From BSD basename(1)
# The basename utility deletes any prefix ending with the last slash '/'
# character present in string (after first stripping trailing slashes)
_strip_trailing_sep($path);
my($basename, $dirname, $suffix) = fileparse( $path, map("\Q$_\E",@_) );
# From BSD basename(1)
# The suffix is not stripped if it is identical to the remaining
# characters in string.
if( length $suffix and !length $basename ) {
$basename = $suffix;
}
# Ensure that basename '/' == '/'
if( !length $basename ) {
$basename = $dirname;
}
return $basename;
}
=item C<dirname>
X<dirname>
This function is provided for compatibility with the Unix shell
command C<dirname(1)> and has inherited some of its quirks. In spite of
its name it does B<NOT> always return the directory name as you might
expect. To be safe, if you want the directory name of a path use
C<fileparse()>.
Only on VMS (where there is no ambiguity between the file and directory
portions of a path) and AmigaOS (possibly due to an implementation quirk in
this module) does C<dirname()> work like C<fileparse($path)>, returning just the
$dirs.
# On VMS and AmigaOS
my $dirs = dirname($path);
When using Unix or MSDOS syntax this emulates the C<dirname(1)> shell function
which is subtly different from how C<fileparse()> works. It returns all but
the last level of a file path even if the last level is clearly a directory.
In effect, it is not returning the directory portion but simply the path one
level up acting like C<chop()> for file paths.
Also unlike C<fileparse()>, C<dirname()> does not include a trailing slash on
its returned path.
# returns /foo/bar. fileparse() would return /foo/bar/
dirname("/foo/bar/baz");
# also returns /foo/bar despite the fact that baz is clearly a
# directory. fileparse() would return /foo/bar/baz/
dirname("/foo/bar/baz/");
# returns '.'. fileparse() would return 'foo/'
dirname("foo/");
Under VMS, if there is no directory information in the $path, then the
current default device and directory is used.
=cut
sub dirname {
my $path = shift;
my($type) = $Fileparse_fstype;
if( $type eq 'VMS' and $path =~ m{/} ) {
# Parse as Unix
local($File::Basename::Fileparse_fstype) = '';
return dirname($path);
}
my($basename, $dirname) = fileparse($path);
if ($type eq 'VMS') {
$dirname ||= $ENV{DEFAULT};
}
elsif ($type eq 'MacOS') {
if( !length($basename) && $dirname !~ /^[^:]+:\z/) {
_strip_trailing_sep($dirname);
($basename,$dirname) = fileparse $dirname;
}
$dirname .= ":" unless $dirname =~ /:\z/;
}
elsif (grep { $type eq $_ } qw(MSDOS DOS MSWin32 OS2)) {
_strip_trailing_sep($dirname);
unless( length($basename) ) {
($basename,$dirname) = fileparse $dirname;
_strip_trailing_sep($dirname);
}
}
elsif ($type eq 'AmigaOS') {
if ( $dirname =~ /:\z/) { return $dirname }
chop $dirname;
$dirname =~ s{[^:/]+\z}{} unless length($basename);
}
else {
_strip_trailing_sep($dirname);
unless( length($basename) ) {
($basename,$dirname) = fileparse $dirname;
_strip_trailing_sep($dirname);
}
}
$dirname;
}
# Strip the trailing path separator.
sub _strip_trailing_sep {
my $type = $Fileparse_fstype;
if ($type eq 'MacOS') {
$_[0] =~ s/([^:]):\z/$1/s;
}
elsif (grep { $type eq $_ } qw(MSDOS DOS MSWin32 OS2)) {
$_[0] =~ s/([^:])[\\\/]*\z/$1/;
}
else {
$_[0] =~ s{(.)/*\z}{$1}s;
}
}
=item C<fileparse_set_fstype>
X<filesystem>
my $type = fileparse_set_fstype();
my $previous_type = fileparse_set_fstype($type);
Normally File::Basename will assume a file path type native to your current
operating system (ie. /foo/bar style on Unix, \foo\bar on Windows, etc...).
With this function you can override that assumption.
Valid $types are "MacOS", "VMS", "AmigaOS", "OS2", "RISCOS",
"MSWin32", "DOS" (also "MSDOS" for backwards bug compatibility),
"Epoc" and "Unix" (all case-insensitive). If an unrecognized $type is
given "Unix" will be assumed.
If you've selected VMS syntax, and the file specification you pass to
one of these routines contains a "/", they assume you are using Unix
emulation and apply the Unix syntax rules instead, for that function
call only.
=back
=cut
BEGIN {
my @Ignore_Case = qw(MacOS VMS AmigaOS OS2 RISCOS MSWin32 MSDOS DOS Epoc);
my @Types = (@Ignore_Case, qw(Unix));
sub fileparse_set_fstype {
my $old = $Fileparse_fstype;
if (@_) {
my $new_type = shift;
$Fileparse_fstype = 'Unix'; # default
foreach my $type (@Types) {
$Fileparse_fstype = $type if $new_type =~ /^$type/i;
}
$Fileparse_igncase =
(grep $Fileparse_fstype eq $_, @Ignore_Case) ? 1 : 0;
}
return $old;
}
}
1;
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<dirname(1)>, L<basename(1)>, L<File::Spec>

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package File::Compare 1.1008;
use v5.12;
use warnings;
use Exporter 'import';
our @EXPORT = qw(compare);
our @EXPORT_OK = qw(cmp compare_text);
our $Too_Big = 1024 * 1024 * 2;
sub croak {
require Carp;
goto &Carp::croak;
}
sub compare {
croak("Usage: compare( file1, file2 [, buffersize]) ")
unless(@_ == 2 || @_ == 3);
my ($from, $to, $size) = @_;
my $text_mode = defined($size) && (ref($size) eq 'CODE' || $size < 0);
my ($fromsize, $closefrom, $closeto);
local (*FROM, *TO);
croak("from undefined") unless (defined $from);
croak("to undefined") unless (defined $to);
if (ref($from) &&
(UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'GLOB') || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'IO::Handle'))) {
*FROM = *$from;
} elsif (ref(\$from) eq 'GLOB') {
*FROM = $from;
} else {
open(FROM, '<', $from) or goto fail_open1;
unless ($text_mode) {
binmode FROM;
$fromsize = -s FROM;
}
$closefrom = 1;
}
if (ref($to) &&
(UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'GLOB') || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'IO::Handle'))) {
*TO = *$to;
} elsif (ref(\$to) eq 'GLOB') {
*TO = $to;
} else {
open(TO, '<', $to) or goto fail_open2;
binmode TO unless $text_mode;
$closeto = 1;
}
if (!$text_mode && $closefrom && $closeto) {
# If both are opened files we know they differ if their size differ
goto fail_inner if $fromsize != -s TO;
}
if ($text_mode) {
local $/ = "\n";
my ($fline, $tline);
while (defined($fline = <FROM>)) {
goto fail_inner unless defined($tline = <TO>);
if (ref $size) {
# $size contains ref to comparison function
goto fail_inner if &$size($fline, $tline);
} else {
goto fail_inner if $fline ne $tline;
}
}
goto fail_inner if defined($tline = <TO>);
}
else {
unless (defined($size) && $size > 0) {
$size = $fromsize || -s TO || 0;
$size = 1024 if $size < 512;
$size = $Too_Big if $size > $Too_Big;
}
my ($fr, $tr, $fbuf, $tbuf);
$fbuf = $tbuf = '';
while(defined($fr = read(FROM, $fbuf, $size)) && $fr > 0) {
unless (defined($tr = read(TO, $tbuf, $fr)) && $tbuf eq $fbuf) {
goto fail_inner;
}
}
goto fail_inner if defined($tr = read(TO, $tbuf, $size)) && $tr > 0;
}
close(TO) || goto fail_open2 if $closeto;
close(FROM) || goto fail_open1 if $closefrom;
return 0;
# All of these contortions try to preserve error messages...
fail_inner:
close(TO) || goto fail_open2 if $closeto;
close(FROM) || goto fail_open1 if $closefrom;
return 1;
fail_open2:
if ($closefrom) {
my $status = $!;
$! = 0;
close FROM;
$! = $status unless $!;
}
fail_open1:
return -1;
}
sub cmp;
*cmp = \&compare;
sub compare_text {
my ($from, $to, $cmp) = @_;
croak("Usage: compare_text( file1, file2 [, cmp-function])")
unless @_ == 2 || @_ == 3;
croak("Third arg to compare_text() function must be a code reference")
if @_ == 3 && ref($cmp) ne 'CODE';
# Using a negative buffer size puts compare into text_mode too
compare($from, $to, $cmp // -1);
}
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use File::Compare;
if (compare("file1", "file2") == 0) {
print "They're equal\n";
}
=head1 DESCRIPTION
The C<File::Compare::compare> function compares the contents of two
sources, each of which can be a file or a file handle. It is exported
from C<File::Compare> by default.
C<File::Compare::cmp> is a synonym for C<File::Compare::compare>. It is
exported from C<File::Compare> only by request.
C<File::Compare::compare_text> does a line by line comparison of the two
files. It stops as soon as a difference is detected. C<compare_text()>
accepts an optional third argument: This must be a CODE reference to
a line comparison function, which returns C<0> when both lines are considered
equal. For example:
compare_text($file1, $file2)
is basically equivalent to
compare_text($file1, $file2, sub {$_[0] ne $_[1]} )
=head1 RETURN
C<File::Compare::compare> and its sibling functions return C<0> if the files
are equal, C<1> if the files are unequal, or C<-1> if an error was encountered.
=head1 AUTHOR
C<File::Compare> was written by Nick Ing-Simmons.
Its original documentation was written by Chip Salzenberg.

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# File/Copy.pm. Written in 1994 by Aaron Sherman <ajs@ajs.com>. This
# source code has been placed in the public domain by the author.
# Please be kind and preserve the documentation.
#
# Additions copyright 1996 by Charles Bailey. Permission is granted
# to distribute the revised code under the same terms as Perl itself.
package File::Copy;
use 5.035007;
use strict;
use warnings; no warnings 'newline';
no warnings 'experimental::builtin';
use builtin 'blessed';
use overload;
use File::Spec;
use Config;
# We want HiRes stat and utime if available
BEGIN { eval q{ use Time::HiRes qw( stat utime ) } };
our(@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, $VERSION, $Too_Big, $Syscopy_is_copy);
sub copy;
sub syscopy;
sub cp;
sub mv;
$VERSION = '2.41';
require Exporter;
@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw(copy move);
@EXPORT_OK = qw(cp mv);
$Too_Big = 1024 * 1024 * 2;
sub croak {
require Carp;
goto &Carp::croak;
}
sub carp {
require Carp;
goto &Carp::carp;
}
sub _catname {
my($from, $to) = @_;
if (not defined &basename) {
require File::Basename;
File::Basename->import( 'basename' );
}
return File::Spec->catfile($to, basename($from));
}
# _eq($from, $to) tells whether $from and $to are identical
sub _eq {
my ($from, $to) = map {
blessed($_) && overload::Method($_, q{""})
? "$_"
: $_
} (@_);
return '' if ( (ref $from) xor (ref $to) );
return $from == $to if ref $from;
return $from eq $to;
}
sub copy {
croak("Usage: copy(FROM, TO [, BUFFERSIZE]) ")
unless(@_ == 2 || @_ == 3);
my $from = shift;
my $to = shift;
my $size;
if (@_) {
$size = shift(@_) + 0;
croak("Bad buffer size for copy: $size\n") unless ($size > 0);
}
my $from_a_handle = (ref($from)
? (ref($from) eq 'GLOB'
|| UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'GLOB')
|| UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'IO::Handle'))
: (ref(\$from) eq 'GLOB'));
my $to_a_handle = (ref($to)
? (ref($to) eq 'GLOB'
|| UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'GLOB')
|| UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'IO::Handle'))
: (ref(\$to) eq 'GLOB'));
if (_eq($from, $to)) { # works for references, too
carp("'$from' and '$to' are identical (not copied)");
return 0;
}
if (!$from_a_handle && !$to_a_handle && -d $to && ! -d $from) {
$to = _catname($from, $to);
}
if ((($Config{d_symlink} && $Config{d_readlink}) || $Config{d_link}) &&
!($^O eq 'os2')) {
my @fs = stat($from);
if (@fs) {
my @ts = stat($to);
if (@ts && $fs[0] == $ts[0] && $fs[1] eq $ts[1] && !-p $from) {
carp("'$from' and '$to' are identical (not copied)");
return 0;
}
}
}
elsif (_eq($from, $to)) {
carp("'$from' and '$to' are identical (not copied)");
return 0;
}
if (defined &syscopy && !$Syscopy_is_copy
&& !$to_a_handle
&& !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'os2' ) # OS/2 cannot handle handles
&& !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MSWin32')
)
{
if ($^O eq 'VMS' && -e $from
&& ! -d $to && ! -d $from) {
# VMS natively inherits path components from the source of a
# copy, but we want the Unixy behavior of inheriting from
# the current working directory. Also, default in a trailing
# dot for null file types.
$to = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand(VMS::Filespec::vmsify($to), '.');
# Get rid of the old versions to be like UNIX
1 while unlink $to;
}
return syscopy($from, $to) || 0;
}
my $closefrom = 0;
my $closeto = 0;
my ($status, $r, $buf);
local($\) = '';
my $from_h;
if ($from_a_handle) {
$from_h = $from;
} else {
open $from_h, "<", $from or goto fail_open1;
binmode $from_h or die "($!,$^E)";
$closefrom = 1;
}
# Seems most logical to do this here, in case future changes would want to
# make this croak for some reason.
unless (defined $size) {
$size = tied(*$from_h) ? 0 : -s $from_h || 0;
$size = 1024 if ($size < 512);
$size = $Too_Big if ($size > $Too_Big);
}
my $to_h;
if ($to_a_handle) {
$to_h = $to;
} else {
$to_h = \do { local *FH }; # XXX is this line obsolete?
open $to_h, ">", $to or goto fail_open2;
binmode $to_h or die "($!,$^E)";
$closeto = 1;
}
$! = 0;
for (;;) {
my ($r, $w, $t);
defined($r = sysread($from_h, $buf, $size))
or goto fail_inner;
last unless $r;
for ($w = 0; $w < $r; $w += $t) {
$t = syswrite($to_h, $buf, $r - $w, $w)
or goto fail_inner;
}
}
close($to_h) || goto fail_open2 if $closeto;
close($from_h) || goto fail_open1 if $closefrom;
# Use this idiom to avoid uninitialized value warning.
return 1;
# All of these contortions try to preserve error messages...
fail_inner:
if ($closeto) {
$status = $!;
$! = 0;
close $to_h;
$! = $status unless $!;
}
fail_open2:
if ($closefrom) {
$status = $!;
$! = 0;
close $from_h;
$! = $status unless $!;
}
fail_open1:
return 0;
}
sub cp {
my($from,$to) = @_;
my(@fromstat) = stat $from;
my(@tostat) = stat $to;
my $perm;
return 0 unless copy(@_) and @fromstat;
if (@tostat) {
$perm = $tostat[2];
} else {
$perm = $fromstat[2] & ~(umask || 0);
@tostat = stat $to;
}
# Might be more robust to look for S_I* in Fcntl, but we're
# trying to avoid dependence on any XS-containing modules,
# since File::Copy is used during the Perl build.
$perm &= 07777;
if ($perm & 06000) {
croak("Unable to check setuid/setgid permissions for $to: $!")
unless @tostat;
if ($perm & 04000 and # setuid
$fromstat[4] != $tostat[4]) { # owner must match
$perm &= ~06000;
}
if ($perm & 02000 && $> != 0) { # if not root, setgid
my $ok = $fromstat[5] == $tostat[5]; # group must match
if ($ok) { # and we must be in group
$ok = grep { $_ == $fromstat[5] } split /\s+/, $)
}
$perm &= ~06000 unless $ok;
}
}
return 0 unless @tostat;
return 1 if $perm == ($tostat[2] & 07777);
return eval { chmod $perm, $to; } ? 1 : 0;
}
sub _move {
croak("Usage: move(FROM, TO) ") unless @_ == 3;
my($from,$to,$fallback) = @_;
my($fromsz,$tosz1,$tomt1,$tosz2,$tomt2,$sts,$ossts);
if (-d $to && ! -d $from) {
$to = _catname($from, $to);
}
($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9];
$fromsz = -s $from;
if ($^O eq 'os2' and defined $tosz1 and defined $fromsz) {
# will not rename with overwrite
unlink $to;
}
if ($^O eq 'VMS' && -e $from
&& ! -d $to && ! -d $from) {
# VMS natively inherits path components from the source of a
# copy, but we want the Unixy behavior of inheriting from
# the current working directory. Also, default in a trailing
# dot for null file types.
$to = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand(VMS::Filespec::vmsify($to), '.');
# Get rid of the old versions to be like UNIX
1 while unlink $to;
}
return 1 if rename $from, $to;
# Did rename return an error even though it succeeded, because $to
# is on a remote NFS file system, and NFS lost the server's ack?
return 1 if defined($fromsz) && !-e $from && # $from disappeared
(($tosz2,$tomt2) = (stat($to))[7,9]) && # $to's there
((!defined $tosz1) || # not before or
($tosz1 != $tosz2 or $tomt1 != $tomt2)) && # was changed
$tosz2 == $fromsz; # it's all there
($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9]; # just in case rename did something
{
local $@;
eval {
local $SIG{__DIE__};
$fallback->($from,$to) or die;
my($atime, $mtime) = (stat($from))[8,9];
utime($atime, $mtime, $to);
unlink($from) or die;
};
return 1 unless $@;
}
($sts,$ossts) = ($! + 0, $^E + 0);
($tosz2,$tomt2) = ((stat($to))[7,9],0,0) if defined $tomt1;
unlink($to) if !defined($tomt1) or $tomt1 != $tomt2 or $tosz1 != $tosz2;
($!,$^E) = ($sts,$ossts);
return 0;
}
sub move { _move(@_,\&copy); }
sub mv { _move(@_,\&cp); }
# &syscopy is an XSUB under OS/2
unless (defined &syscopy) {
if ($^O eq 'VMS') {
*syscopy = \&rmscopy;
} elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32' && defined &DynaLoader::boot_DynaLoader) {
# Win32::CopyFile() fill only work if we can load Win32.xs
*syscopy = sub {
return 0 unless @_ == 2;
return Win32::CopyFile(@_, 1);
};
} else {
$Syscopy_is_copy = 1;
*syscopy = \&copy;
}
}
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use File::Copy;
copy("sourcefile", "destinationfile") or die "Copy failed: $!";
copy("Copy.pm", \*STDOUT);
move("/dev1/sourcefile", "/dev2/destinationfile");
use File::Copy "cp";
my $n = FileHandle->new("/a/file", "r");
cp($n, "x");
=head1 DESCRIPTION
The File::Copy module provides two basic functions, C<copy> and
C<move>, which are useful for getting the contents of a file from
one place to another.
=over 4
=item copy
X<copy> X<cp>
The C<copy> function takes two
parameters: a file to copy from and a file to copy to. Either
argument may be a string, a FileHandle reference or a FileHandle
glob. Obviously, if the first argument is a filehandle of some
sort, it will be read from, and if it is a file I<name> it will
be opened for reading. Likewise, the second argument will be
written to. If the second argument does not exist but the parent
directory does exist, then it will be created. Trying to copy
a file into a non-existent directory is an error.
Trying to copy a file on top of itself is also an error.
C<copy> will not overwrite read-only files.
If the destination (second argument) already exists and is a directory,
and the source (first argument) is not a filehandle, then the source
file will be copied into the directory specified by the destination,
using the same base name as the source file. It's a failure to have a
filehandle as the source when the destination is a directory.
B<Note that passing in
files as handles instead of names may lead to loss of information
on some operating systems; it is recommended that you use file
names whenever possible.> Files are opened in binary mode where
applicable. To get a consistent behaviour when copying from a
filehandle to a file, use C<binmode> on the filehandle.
An optional third parameter can be used to specify the buffer
size used for copying. This is the number of bytes from the
first file, that will be held in memory at any given time, before
being written to the second file. The default buffer size depends
upon the file, but will generally be the whole file (up to 2MB), or
1k for filehandles that do not reference files (eg. sockets).
You may use the syntax C<use File::Copy "cp"> to get at the C<cp>
alias for this function. The syntax is I<exactly> the same. The
behavior is nearly the same as well: as of version 2.15, C<cp> will
preserve the source file's permission bits like the shell utility
C<cp(1)> would do with default options, while C<copy> uses the default
permissions for the target file (which may depend on the process'
C<umask>, file ownership, inherited ACLs, etc.). That is, if the
destination file already exists, C<cp> will leave its permissions
unchanged; otherwise the permissions are taken from the source file
and modified by the C<umask>. If an error occurs in setting
permissions, C<cp> will return 0, regardless of whether the file was
successfully copied.
=item move
X<move> X<mv> X<rename>
The C<move> function also takes two parameters: the current name
and the intended name of the file to be moved. If the destination
already exists and is a directory, and the source is not a
directory, then the source file will be renamed into the directory
specified by the destination.
If possible, move() will simply rename the file. Otherwise, it copies
the file to the new location and deletes the original. If an error occurs
during this copy-and-delete process, you may be left with a (possibly partial)
copy of the file under the destination name.
You may use the C<mv> alias for this function in the same way that
you may use the C<cp> alias for C<copy>.
=item syscopy
X<syscopy>
File::Copy also provides the C<syscopy> routine, which copies the
file specified in the first parameter to the file specified in the
second parameter, preserving OS-specific attributes and file
structure. For Unix systems, this is equivalent to the simple
C<copy> routine, which doesn't preserve OS-specific attributes. For
VMS systems, this calls the C<rmscopy> routine (see below). For OS/2
systems, this calls the C<syscopy> XSUB directly. For Win32 systems,
this calls C<Win32::CopyFile>.
B<Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)>:
If both arguments to C<copy> are not file handles,
then C<copy> will perform a "system copy" of
the input file to a new output file, in order to preserve file
attributes, indexed file structure, I<etc.> The buffer size
parameter is ignored. If either argument to C<copy> is a
handle to an opened file, then data is copied using Perl
operators, and no effort is made to preserve file attributes
or record structure.
The system copy routine may also be called directly under VMS and OS/2
as C<File::Copy::syscopy> (or under VMS as C<File::Copy::rmscopy>, which
is the routine that does the actual work for syscopy).
=item rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
X<rmscopy>
The first and second arguments may be strings, typeglobs, typeglob
references, or objects inheriting from IO::Handle;
they are used in all cases to obtain the
I<filespec> of the input and output files, respectively. The
name and type of the input file are used as defaults for the
output file, if necessary.
A new version of the output file is always created, which
inherits the structure and RMS attributes of the input file,
except for owner and protections (and possibly timestamps;
see below). All data from the input file is copied to the
output file; if either of the first two parameters to C<rmscopy>
is a file handle, its position is unchanged. (Note that this
means a file handle pointing to the output file will be
associated with an old version of that file after C<rmscopy>
returns, not the newly created version.)
The third parameter is an integer flag, which tells C<rmscopy>
how to handle timestamps. If it is E<lt> 0, none of the input file's
timestamps are propagated to the output file. If it is E<gt> 0, then
it is interpreted as a bitmask: if bit 0 (the LSB) is set, then
timestamps other than the revision date are propagated; if bit 1
is set, the revision date is propagated. If the third parameter
to C<rmscopy> is 0, then it behaves much like the DCL COPY command:
if the name or type of the output file was explicitly specified,
then no timestamps are propagated, but if they were taken implicitly
from the input filespec, then all timestamps other than the
revision date are propagated. If this parameter is not supplied,
it defaults to 0.
C<rmscopy> is VMS specific and cannot be exported; it must be
referenced by its full name, e.g.:
File::Copy::rmscopy($from, $to) or die $!;
Like C<copy>, C<rmscopy> returns 1 on success. If an error occurs,
it sets C<$!>, deletes the output file, and returns 0.
=back
=head1 RETURN
All functions return 1 on success, 0 on failure.
$! will be set if an error was encountered.
=head1 NOTES
Before calling copy() or move() on a filehandle, the caller should
close or flush() the file to avoid writes being lost. Note that this
is the case even for move(), because it may actually copy the file,
depending on the OS-specific implementation, and the underlying
filesystem(s).
=head1 AUTHOR
File::Copy was written by Aaron Sherman I<E<lt>ajs@ajs.comE<gt>> in 1995,
and updated by Charles Bailey I<E<lt>bailey@newman.upenn.eduE<gt>> in 1996.
=cut

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package File::GlobMapper;
use strict;
use warnings;
use Carp;
our ($CSH_GLOB);
BEGIN
{
if ($] < 5.006)
{
require File::BSDGlob; File::BSDGlob->import(':glob');
$CSH_GLOB = File::BSDGlob::GLOB_CSH();
*globber = \&File::BSDGlob::csh_glob;
}
else
{
require File::Glob; File::Glob->import(':glob');
$CSH_GLOB = File::Glob::GLOB_CSH();
#*globber = \&File::Glob::bsd_glob;
*globber = \&File::Glob::csh_glob;
}
}
our ($Error);
our ($VERSION, @EXPORT_OK);
$VERSION = '1.001';
@EXPORT_OK = qw( globmap );
our ($noPreBS, $metachars, $matchMetaRE, %mapping, %wildCount);
$noPreBS = '(?<!\\\)' ; # no preceding backslash
$metachars = '.*?[](){}';
$matchMetaRE = '[' . quotemeta($metachars) . ']';
%mapping = (
'*' => '([^/]*)',
'?' => '([^/])',
'.' => '\.',
'[' => '([',
'(' => '(',
')' => ')',
);
%wildCount = map { $_ => 1 } qw/ * ? . { ( [ /;
sub globmap ($$;)
{
my $inputGlob = shift ;
my $outputGlob = shift ;
my $obj = File::GlobMapper->new($inputGlob, $outputGlob, @_)
or croak "globmap: $Error" ;
return $obj->getFileMap();
}
sub new
{
my $class = shift ;
my $inputGlob = shift ;
my $outputGlob = shift ;
# TODO -- flags needs to default to whatever File::Glob does
my $flags = shift || $CSH_GLOB ;
#my $flags = shift ;
$inputGlob =~ s/^\s*\<\s*//;
$inputGlob =~ s/\s*\>\s*$//;
$outputGlob =~ s/^\s*\<\s*//;
$outputGlob =~ s/\s*\>\s*$//;
my %object =
( InputGlob => $inputGlob,
OutputGlob => $outputGlob,
GlobFlags => $flags,
Braces => 0,
WildCount => 0,
Pairs => [],
Sigil => '#',
);
my $self = bless \%object, ref($class) || $class ;
$self->_parseInputGlob()
or return undef ;
$self->_parseOutputGlob()
or return undef ;
my @inputFiles = globber($self->{InputGlob}, $flags) ;
if (GLOB_ERROR)
{
$Error = $!;
return undef ;
}
#if (whatever)
{
my $missing = grep { ! -e $_ } @inputFiles ;
if ($missing)
{
$Error = "$missing input files do not exist";
return undef ;
}
}
$self->{InputFiles} = \@inputFiles ;
$self->_getFiles()
or return undef ;
return $self;
}
sub _retError
{
my $string = shift ;
$Error = "$string in input fileglob" ;
return undef ;
}
sub _unmatched
{
my $delimeter = shift ;
_retError("Unmatched $delimeter");
return undef ;
}
sub _parseBit
{
my $self = shift ;
my $string = shift ;
my $out = '';
my $depth = 0 ;
while ($string =~ s/(.*?)$noPreBS(,|$matchMetaRE)//)
{
$out .= quotemeta($1) ;
$out .= $mapping{$2} if defined $mapping{$2};
++ $self->{WildCount} if $wildCount{$2} ;
if ($2 eq ',')
{
return _unmatched("(")
if $depth ;
$out .= '|';
}
elsif ($2 eq '(')
{
++ $depth ;
}
elsif ($2 eq ')')
{
return _unmatched(")")
if ! $depth ;
-- $depth ;
}
elsif ($2 eq '[')
{
# TODO -- quotemeta & check no '/'
# TODO -- check for \] & other \ within the []
$string =~ s#(.*?\])##
or return _unmatched("[");
$out .= "$1)" ;
}
elsif ($2 eq ']')
{
return _unmatched("]");
}
elsif ($2 eq '{' || $2 eq '}')
{
return _retError("Nested {} not allowed");
}
}
$out .= quotemeta $string;
return _unmatched("(")
if $depth ;
return $out ;
}
sub _parseInputGlob
{
my $self = shift ;
my $string = $self->{InputGlob} ;
my $inGlob = '';
# Multiple concatenated *'s don't make sense
#$string =~ s#\*\*+#*# ;
# TODO -- Allow space to delimit patterns?
#my @strings = split /\s+/, $string ;
#for my $str (@strings)
my $out = '';
my $depth = 0 ;
while ($string =~ s/(.*?)$noPreBS($matchMetaRE)//)
{
$out .= quotemeta($1) ;
$out .= $mapping{$2} if defined $mapping{$2};
++ $self->{WildCount} if $wildCount{$2} ;
if ($2 eq '(')
{
++ $depth ;
}
elsif ($2 eq ')')
{
return _unmatched(")")
if ! $depth ;
-- $depth ;
}
elsif ($2 eq '[')
{
# TODO -- quotemeta & check no '/' or '(' or ')'
# TODO -- check for \] & other \ within the []
$string =~ s#(.*?\])##
or return _unmatched("[");
$out .= "$1)" ;
}
elsif ($2 eq ']')
{
return _unmatched("]");
}
elsif ($2 eq '}')
{
return _unmatched("}");
}
elsif ($2 eq '{')
{
# TODO -- check no '/' within the {}
# TODO -- check for \} & other \ within the {}
my $tmp ;
unless ( $string =~ s/(.*?)$noPreBS\}//)
{
return _unmatched("{");
}
#$string =~ s#(.*?)\}##;
#my $alt = join '|',
# map { quotemeta $_ }
# split "$noPreBS,", $1 ;
my $alt = $self->_parseBit($1);
defined $alt or return 0 ;
$out .= "($alt)" ;
++ $self->{Braces} ;
}
}
return _unmatched("(")
if $depth ;
$out .= quotemeta $string ;
$self->{InputGlob} =~ s/$noPreBS[\(\)]//g;
$self->{InputPattern} = $out ;
#print "# INPUT '$self->{InputGlob}' => '$out'\n";
return 1 ;
}
sub _parseOutputGlob
{
my $self = shift ;
my $string = $self->{OutputGlob} ;
my $maxwild = $self->{WildCount};
if ($self->{GlobFlags} & GLOB_TILDE)
#if (1)
{
$string =~ s{
^ ~ # find a leading tilde
( # save this in $1
[^/] # a non-slash character
* # repeated 0 or more times (0 means me)
)
}{
$1
? (getpwnam($1))[7]
: ( $ENV{HOME} || $ENV{LOGDIR} )
}ex;
}
# max #1 must be == to max no of '*' in input
while ( $string =~ m/#(\d)/g )
{
croak "Max wild is #$maxwild, you tried #$1"
if $1 > $maxwild ;
}
my $noPreBS = '(?<!\\\)' ; # no preceding backslash
#warn "noPreBS = '$noPreBS'\n";
#$string =~ s/${noPreBS}\$(\d)/\${$1}/g;
$string =~ s/${noPreBS}#(\d)/\${$1}/g;
$string =~ s#${noPreBS}\*#\${inFile}#g;
$string = '"' . $string . '"';
#print "OUTPUT '$self->{OutputGlob}' => '$string'\n";
$self->{OutputPattern} = $string ;
return 1 ;
}
sub _getFiles
{
my $self = shift ;
my %outInMapping = ();
my %inFiles = () ;
foreach my $inFile (@{ $self->{InputFiles} })
{
next if $inFiles{$inFile} ++ ;
my $outFile = $inFile ;
if ( $inFile =~ m/$self->{InputPattern}/ )
{
no warnings 'uninitialized';
eval "\$outFile = $self->{OutputPattern};" ;
if (defined $outInMapping{$outFile})
{
$Error = "multiple input files map to one output file";
return undef ;
}
$outInMapping{$outFile} = $inFile;
push @{ $self->{Pairs} }, [$inFile, $outFile];
}
}
return 1 ;
}
sub getFileMap
{
my $self = shift ;
return $self->{Pairs} ;
}
sub getHash
{
my $self = shift ;
return { map { $_->[0] => $_->[1] } @{ $self->{Pairs} } } ;
}
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
File::GlobMapper - Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use File::GlobMapper qw( globmap );
my $aref = globmap $input => $output
or die $File::GlobMapper::Error ;
my $gm = File::GlobMapper->new( $input => $output )
or die $File::GlobMapper::Error ;
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This module needs Perl5.005 or better.
This module takes the existing C<File::Glob> module as a starting point and
extends it to allow new filenames to be derived from the files matched by
C<File::Glob>.
This can be useful when carrying out batch operations on multiple files that
have both an input filename and output filename and the output file can be
derived from the input filename. Examples of operations where this can be
useful include, file renaming, file copying and file compression.
=head2 Behind The Scenes
To help explain what C<File::GlobMapper> does, consider what code you
would write if you wanted to rename all files in the current directory
that ended in C<.tar.gz> to C<.tgz>. So say these files are in the
current directory
alpha.tar.gz
beta.tar.gz
gamma.tar.gz
and they need renamed to this
alpha.tgz
beta.tgz
gamma.tgz
Below is a possible implementation of a script to carry out the rename
(error cases have been omitted)
foreach my $old ( glob "*.tar.gz" )
{
my $new = $old;
$new =~ s#(.*)\.tar\.gz$#$1.tgz# ;
rename $old => $new
or die "Cannot rename '$old' to '$new': $!\n;
}
Notice that a file glob pattern C<*.tar.gz> was used to match the
C<.tar.gz> files, then a fairly similar regular expression was used in
the substitute to allow the new filename to be created.
Given that the file glob is just a cut-down regular expression and that it
has already done a lot of the hard work in pattern matching the filenames,
wouldn't it be handy to be able to use the patterns in the fileglob to
drive the new filename?
Well, that's I<exactly> what C<File::GlobMapper> does.
Here is same snippet of code rewritten using C<globmap>
for my $pair (globmap '<*.tar.gz>' => '<#1.tgz>' )
{
my ($from, $to) = @$pair;
rename $from => $to
or die "Cannot rename '$old' to '$new': $!\n;
}
So how does it work?
Behind the scenes the C<globmap> function does a combination of a
file glob to match existing filenames followed by a substitute
to create the new filenames.
Notice how both parameters to C<globmap> are strings that are delimited by <>.
This is done to make them look more like file globs - it is just syntactic
sugar, but it can be handy when you want the strings to be visually
distinctive. The enclosing <> are optional, so you don't have to use them - in
fact the first thing globmap will do is remove these delimiters if they are
present.
The first parameter to C<globmap>, C<*.tar.gz>, is an I<Input File Glob>.
Once the enclosing "< ... >" is removed, this is passed (more or
less) unchanged to C<File::Glob> to carry out a file match.
Next the fileglob C<*.tar.gz> is transformed behind the scenes into a
full Perl regular expression, with the additional step of wrapping each
transformed wildcard metacharacter sequence in parenthesis.
In this case the input fileglob C<*.tar.gz> will be transformed into
this Perl regular expression
([^/]*)\.tar\.gz
Wrapping with parenthesis allows the wildcard parts of the Input File
Glob to be referenced by the second parameter to C<globmap>, C<#1.tgz>,
the I<Output File Glob>. This parameter operates just like the replacement
part of a substitute command. The difference is that the C<#1> syntax
is used to reference sub-patterns matched in the input fileglob, rather
than the C<$1> syntax that is used with perl regular expressions. In
this case C<#1> is used to refer to the text matched by the C<*> in the
Input File Glob. This makes it easier to use this module where the
parameters to C<globmap> are typed at the command line.
The final step involves passing each filename matched by the C<*.tar.gz>
file glob through the derived Perl regular expression in turn and
expanding the output fileglob using it.
The end result of all this is a list of pairs of filenames. By default
that is what is returned by C<globmap>. In this example the data structure
returned will look like this
( ['alpha.tar.gz' => 'alpha.tgz'],
['beta.tar.gz' => 'beta.tgz' ],
['gamma.tar.gz' => 'gamma.tgz']
)
Each pair is an array reference with two elements - namely the I<from>
filename, that C<File::Glob> has matched, and a I<to> filename that is
derived from the I<from> filename.
=head2 Limitations
C<File::GlobMapper> has been kept simple deliberately, so it isn't intended to
solve all filename mapping operations. Under the hood C<File::Glob> (or for
older versions of Perl, C<File::BSDGlob>) is used to match the files, so you
will never have the flexibility of full Perl regular expression.
=head2 Input File Glob
The syntax for an Input FileGlob is identical to C<File::Glob>, except
for the following
=over 5
=item 1.
No nested {}
=item 2.
Whitespace does not delimit fileglobs.
=item 3.
The use of parenthesis can be used to capture parts of the input filename.
=item 4.
If an Input glob matches the same file more than once, only the first
will be used.
=back
The syntax
=over 5
=item B<~>
=item B<~user>
=item B<.>
Matches a literal '.'.
Equivalent to the Perl regular expression
\.
=item B<*>
Matches zero or more characters, except '/'. Equivalent to the Perl
regular expression
[^/]*
=item B<?>
Matches zero or one character, except '/'. Equivalent to the Perl
regular expression
[^/]?
=item B<\>
Backslash is used, as usual, to escape the next character.
=item B<[]>
Character class.
=item B<{,}>
Alternation
=item B<()>
Capturing parenthesis that work just like perl
=back
Any other character it taken literally.
=head2 Output File Glob
The Output File Glob is a normal string, with 2 glob-like features.
The first is the '*' metacharacter. This will be replaced by the complete
filename matched by the input file glob. So
*.c *.Z
The second is
Output FileGlobs take the
=over 5
=item "*"
The "*" character will be replaced with the complete input filename.
=item #1
Patterns of the form /#\d/ will be replaced with the
=back
=head2 Returned Data
=head1 EXAMPLES
=head2 A Rename script
Below is a simple "rename" script that uses C<globmap> to determine the
source and destination filenames.
use File::GlobMapper qw(globmap) ;
use File::Copy;
die "rename: Usage rename 'from' 'to'\n"
unless @ARGV == 2 ;
my $fromGlob = shift @ARGV;
my $toGlob = shift @ARGV;
my $pairs = globmap($fromGlob, $toGlob)
or die $File::GlobMapper::Error;
for my $pair (@$pairs)
{
my ($from, $to) = @$pair;
move $from => $to ;
}
Here is an example that renames all c files to cpp.
$ rename '*.c' '#1.cpp'
=head2 A few example globmaps
Below are a few examples of globmaps
To copy all your .c file to a backup directory
'</my/home/*.c>' '</my/backup/#1.c>'
If you want to compress all
'</my/home/*.[ch]>' '<*.gz>'
To uncompress
'</my/home/*.[ch].gz>' '</my/home/#1.#2>'
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<File::Glob|File::Glob>
=head1 AUTHOR
The I<File::GlobMapper> module was written by Paul Marquess, F<pmqs@cpan.org>.
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (c) 2005 Paul Marquess. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

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package File::stat 1.14;
use v5.38;
use warnings::register;
use Carp;
use constant _IS_CYGWIN => $^O eq "cygwin";
BEGIN { *warnif = \&warnings::warnif }
our ( $st_dev, $st_ino, $st_mode,
$st_nlink, $st_uid, $st_gid,
$st_rdev, $st_size,
$st_atime, $st_mtime, $st_ctime,
$st_blksize, $st_blocks
);
use Exporter 'import';
our @EXPORT = qw(stat lstat);
our @fields = qw( $st_dev $st_ino $st_mode
$st_nlink $st_uid $st_gid
$st_rdev $st_size
$st_atime $st_mtime $st_ctime
$st_blksize $st_blocks
);
our @EXPORT_OK = ( @fields, "stat_cando" );
our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( FIELDS => [ @fields, @EXPORT ] );
use Fcntl qw(S_IRUSR S_IWUSR S_IXUSR);
BEGIN {
# These constants will croak on use if the platform doesn't define
# them. It's important to avoid inflicting that on the user.
no strict 'refs';
for (qw(suid sgid svtx)) {
my $val = eval { &{"Fcntl::S_I\U$_"} };
*{"_$_"} = defined $val ? sub { $_[0] & $val ? 1 : "" } : sub { "" };
}
for (qw(SOCK CHR BLK REG DIR LNK)) {
*{"S_IS$_"} = defined eval { &{"Fcntl::S_IF$_"} }
? \&{"Fcntl::S_IS$_"} : sub { "" };
}
# FIFO flag and macro don't quite follow the S_IF/S_IS pattern above
# RT #111638
*{"S_ISFIFO"} = defined &Fcntl::S_IFIFO
? \&Fcntl::S_ISFIFO : sub { "" };
}
# from doio.c
sub _ingroup {
my ($gid, $eff) = @_;
# I am assuming that since VMS doesn't have getgroups(2), $) will
# always only contain a single entry.
$^O eq "VMS" and return $_[0] == $);
my ($egid, @supp) = split " ", $);
my ($rgid) = split " ", $(;
$gid == ($eff ? $egid : $rgid) and return 1;
grep $gid == $_, @supp and return 1;
return "";
}
# VMS uses the Unix version of the routine, even though this is very
# suboptimal. VMS has a permissions structure that doesn't really fit
# into struct stat, and unlike on Win32 the normal -X operators respect
# that, but unfortunately by the time we get here we've already lost the
# information we need. It looks to me as though if we were to preserve
# the st_devnam entry of vmsish.h's fake struct stat (which actually
# holds the filename) it might be possible to do this right, but both
# getting that value out of the struct (perl's stat doesn't return it)
# and interpreting it later would require this module to have an XS
# component (at which point we might as well just call Perl_cando and
# have done with it).
if (grep $^O eq $_, qw/os2 MSWin32/) {
# from doio.c
*cando = sub { ($_[0][2] & $_[1]) ? 1 : "" };
}
else {
# from doio.c
*cando = sub {
my ($s, $mode, $eff) = @_;
my $uid = $eff ? $> : $<;
my ($stmode, $stuid, $stgid) = @$s[2,4,5];
# This code basically assumes that the rwx bits of the mode are
# the 0777 bits, but so does Perl_cando.
if (_IS_CYGWIN ? _ingroup(544, $eff) : ($uid == 0 && $^O ne "VMS")) {
# If we're root on unix
# not testing for executable status => all file tests are true
return 1 if !($mode & 0111);
# testing for executable status =>
# for a file, any x bit will do
# for a directory, always true
return 1 if $stmode & 0111 || S_ISDIR($stmode);
return "";
}
if ($stuid == $uid) {
$stmode & $mode and return 1;
}
elsif (_ingroup($stgid, $eff)) {
$stmode & ($mode >> 3) and return 1;
}
else {
$stmode & ($mode >> 6) and return 1;
}
return "";
};
}
# alias for those who don't like objects
*stat_cando = \&cando;
my %op = (
r => sub { cando($_[0], S_IRUSR, 1) },
w => sub { cando($_[0], S_IWUSR, 1) },
x => sub { cando($_[0], S_IXUSR, 1) },
o => sub { $_[0][4] == $> },
R => sub { cando($_[0], S_IRUSR, 0) },
W => sub { cando($_[0], S_IWUSR, 0) },
X => sub { cando($_[0], S_IXUSR, 0) },
O => sub { $_[0][4] == $< },
e => sub { 1 },
z => sub { $_[0][7] == 0 },
s => sub { $_[0][7] },
f => sub { S_ISREG ($_[0][2]) },
d => sub { S_ISDIR ($_[0][2]) },
l => sub { S_ISLNK ($_[0][2]) },
p => sub { S_ISFIFO($_[0][2]) },
S => sub { S_ISSOCK($_[0][2]) },
b => sub { S_ISBLK ($_[0][2]) },
c => sub { S_ISCHR ($_[0][2]) },
u => sub { _suid($_[0][2]) },
g => sub { _sgid($_[0][2]) },
k => sub { _svtx($_[0][2]) },
M => sub { ($^T - $_[0][9] ) / 86400 },
C => sub { ($^T - $_[0][10]) / 86400 },
A => sub { ($^T - $_[0][8] ) / 86400 },
);
use constant HINT_FILETEST_ACCESS => 0x00400000;
# we need fallback=>1 or stringifying breaks
use overload
fallback => 1,
-X => sub {
my ($s, $op) = @_;
if (index("rwxRWX", $op) >= 0) {
(caller 0)[8] & HINT_FILETEST_ACCESS
and warnif("File::stat ignores use filetest 'access'");
$^O eq "VMS" and warnif("File::stat ignores VMS ACLs");
# It would be nice to have a warning about using -l on a
# non-lstat, but that would require an extra member in the
# object.
}
if ($op{$op}) {
return $op{$op}->($_[0]);
}
else {
croak "-$op is not implemented on a File::stat object";
}
};
use Class::Struct qw(struct);
struct 'File::stat' => [
map { $_ => '$' } qw{
dev ino mode nlink uid gid rdev size
atime mtime ctime blksize blocks
}
];
sub populate {
return unless @_;
my $stob = new();
@$stob = (
$st_dev, $st_ino, $st_mode, $st_nlink, $st_uid, $st_gid, $st_rdev,
$st_size, $st_atime, $st_mtime, $st_ctime, $st_blksize, $st_blocks )
= @_;
return $stob;
}
sub lstat :prototype($) { populate(CORE::lstat(shift)) }
sub stat :prototype($) {
my $arg = shift;
my $st = populate(CORE::stat $arg);
return $st if defined $st;
my $fh;
{
local $!;
no strict 'refs';
require Symbol;
$fh = \*{ Symbol::qualify( $arg, caller() )};
return unless defined fileno $fh;
}
return populate(CORE::stat $fh);
}
__END__
=head1 NAME
File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use File::stat;
my $st = stat($file) or die "No $file: $!";
if ( ($st->mode & 0111) && ($st->nlink > 1) ) {
print "$file is executable with lotsa links\n";
}
if ( -x $st ) {
print "$file is executable\n";
}
use Fcntl "S_IRUSR";
if ( $st->cando(S_IRUSR, 1) ) {
print "My effective uid can read $file\n";
}
use File::stat qw(:FIELDS);
stat($file) or die "No $file: $!";
if ( ($st_mode & 0111) && ($st_nlink > 1) ) {
print "$file is executable with lotsa links\n";
}
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This module's default exports override the core stat()
and lstat() functions, replacing them with versions that return
"File::stat" objects. This object has methods that
return the similarly named structure field name from the
stat(2) function; namely,
dev,
ino,
mode,
nlink,
uid,
gid,
rdev,
size,
atime,
mtime,
ctime,
blksize,
and
blocks.
As of version 1.02 (provided with perl 5.12) the object provides C<"-X">
overloading, so you can call filetest operators (C<-f>, C<-x>, and so
on) on it. It also provides a C<< ->cando >> method, called like
$st->cando( ACCESS, EFFECTIVE )
where I<ACCESS> is one of C<S_IRUSR>, C<S_IWUSR> or C<S_IXUSR> from the
L<Fcntl|Fcntl> module, and I<EFFECTIVE> indicates whether to use
effective (true) or real (false) ids. The method interprets the C<mode>,
C<uid> and C<gid> fields, and returns whether or not the current process
would be allowed the specified access.
If you don't want to use the objects, you may import the C<< ->cando >>
method into your namespace as a regular function called C<stat_cando>.
This takes an arrayref containing the return values of C<stat> or
C<lstat> as its first argument, and interprets it for you.
You may also import all the structure fields directly into your namespace
as regular variables using the :FIELDS import tag. (Note that this still
overrides your stat() and lstat() functions.) Access these fields as
variables named with a preceding C<st_> in front their method names.
Thus, C<$stat_obj-E<gt>dev()> corresponds to $st_dev if you import
the fields.
To access this functionality without the core overrides,
pass the C<use> an empty import list, and then access
function functions with their full qualified names.
On the other hand, the built-ins are still available
via the C<CORE::> pseudo-package.
=head1 BUGS
As of Perl 5.8.0 after using this module you cannot use the implicit
C<$_> or the special filehandle C<_> with stat() or lstat(), trying
to do so leads into strange errors. The workaround is for C<$_> to
be explicit
my $stat_obj = stat $_;
and for C<_> to explicitly populate the object using the unexported
and undocumented populate() function with CORE::stat():
my $stat_obj = File::stat::populate(CORE::stat(_));
=head1 ERRORS
=over 4
=item -%s is not implemented on a File::stat object
The filetest operators C<-t>, C<-T> and C<-B> are not implemented, as
they require more information than just a stat buffer.
=back
=head1 WARNINGS
These can all be disabled with
no warnings "File::stat";
=over 4
=item File::stat ignores use filetest 'access'
You have tried to use one of the C<-rwxRWX> filetests with C<use
filetest 'access'> in effect. C<File::stat> will ignore the pragma, and
just use the information in the C<mode> member as usual.
=item File::stat ignores VMS ACLs
VMS systems have a permissions structure that cannot be completely
represented in a stat buffer, and unlike on other systems the builtin
filetest operators respect this. The C<File::stat> overloads, however,
do not, since the information required is not available.
=back
=head1 NOTE
While this class is currently implemented using the Class::Struct
module to build a struct-like class, you shouldn't rely upon this.
=head1 AUTHOR
Tom Christiansen