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ControlPanel/docs/games/minecraft.md
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# Minecraft — Complete Dedicated Server Guide
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## Startup Parameters
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**Default command line**
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```bash
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java -Xmx4G -Xms4G -jar server.jar nogui
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```
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**Parameters (exhaustive, server-relevant only)**
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- `-Xmx<size>` — Maximum heap size (e.g., -Xmx4G).
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- `-Xms<size>` — Initial heap size (e.g., -Xms4G).
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- `-jar <file>` — Server JAR file (server.jar, paper.jar, etc.).
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- `nogui` — Run without GUI.
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- `-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8` — Set file encoding.
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- `-Djava.awt.headless=true` — Headless mode.
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- `-XX:+UseG1GC` — Use G1 garbage collector.
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- `-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled` — Parallel reference processing.
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- `-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200` — Maximum GC pause time.
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- `-XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions` — Unlock experimental VM options.
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- `-XX:+DisableExplicitGC` — Disable explicit GC calls.
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- `-XX:G1NewSizePercent=30` — G1 new generation size.
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- `-XX:G1MaxNewSizePercent=40` — G1 max new generation size.
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- `-XX:G1HeapRegionSize=8M` — G1 heap region size.
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- `-XX:G1ReservePercent=20` — G1 reserve percent.
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- `-Dcom.mojang.eula.agree=true` — Auto-accept EULA.
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**Ports**
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- Game: TCP **25565** (primary)
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- Query: UDP **25565** (same as game port, if enabled)
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- RCON: TCP **25575** (if enabled in server.properties)
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## Config Files & Locations
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**Windows:**
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- `server.properties` — Main server configuration
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- `eula.txt` — End User License Agreement acceptance
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- `server.jar` — Server executable
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- `world/` — World save directory
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- `logs/` — Server logs
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- `plugins/` — Plugin directory (Bukkit/Spigot/Paper)
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- `mods/` — Mods directory (Forge/Fabric)
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- `config/` — Configuration files for mods/plugins
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- `banned-players.json` — Banned players list
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- `banned-ips.json` — Banned IP addresses
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- `ops.json` — Server operators list
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- `whitelist.json` — Whitelist (if enabled)
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**Linux:**
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- `~/minecraft/server.properties` — Main server configuration
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- `~/minecraft/eula.txt` — EULA acceptance
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- `~/minecraft/server.jar` — Server executable
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- `~/minecraft/world/` — World save directory
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- `~/minecraft/logs/` — Server logs
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- `~/minecraft/plugins/` — Plugin directory
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- `~/minecraft/mods/` — Mods directory
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- `~/minecraft/config/` — Configuration files
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**Key Configuration Files:**
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- **server.properties**: Core server settings (port, world name, game mode, difficulty)
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- **bukkit.yml/spigot.yml/paper.yml**: Server platform-specific settings
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- **plugin configs**: Individual plugin configuration files in plugins/ directory
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## Steam Workshop
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Not supported by this game.
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## Common Mods (curated)
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- **EssentialsX**
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- **Purpose**: Core commands, economy, permissions for Bukkit/Spigot/Paper servers.
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- **Install**: Download from GitHub releases, place JAR in `plugins/` directory.
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- **Configure**: Edit `plugins/Essentials/config.yml` for basic settings, `userdata/` for player data.
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- **WorldEdit**
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- **Purpose**: In-game world editing and building tools.
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- **Install**: Place WorldEdit JAR in `plugins/` directory.
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- **Configure**: Permissions in `plugins/WorldEdit/config.yml`, user permissions via permission plugin.
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- **Vault**
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- **Purpose**: Economy and permissions API for other plugins.
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- **Install**: Download Vault JAR to `plugins/` directory.
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- **Configure**: No direct configuration - provides API for other plugins.
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- **LuckPerms**
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- **Purpose**: Advanced permissions management system.
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- **Install**: Download from GitHub, place in `plugins/` directory.
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- **Configure**: Database connection in `plugins/LuckPerms/config.yml`, manage permissions via commands or web editor.
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- **Dynmap**
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- **Purpose**: Real-time web-based map of server world.
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- **Install**: Download Dynmap JAR to `plugins/` directory.
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- **Configure**: Web server settings in `plugins/dynmap/configuration.txt`, map rendering options.
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- **ProtocolLib**
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- **Purpose**: Packet manipulation library for advanced plugins.
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- **Install**: Required dependency for many plugins, place JAR in `plugins/`.
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- **Configure**: No direct configuration - provides API for packet handling.
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## Database
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**Engine**: SQLite (default) or MySQL (for large servers)
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**SQLite Configuration** (No setup required):
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- Database files stored in world directory
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- Player data in `playerdata/` folder
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- Plugin data varies by plugin (typically in `plugins/PluginName/`)
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**MySQL Configuration** (Advanced):
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- Configure in `bukkit.yml` or plugin-specific configs
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- Example connection string: `jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/minecraft`
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- Required for multi-server networks and large-scale deployments
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**Backup Strategy**:
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- Regular world folder backups (includes SQLite databases)
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- MySQL: Use `mysqldump` for database backups
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- Plugin data backup varies by plugin requirements
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## Administration & Scripting
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**Remote Administration:**
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- RCON (Remote Console) access for server management
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- Web-based admin panels (game-specific or third-party)
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- In-game admin commands and permissions
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**Backup Strategy:**
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- Automated daily backups of save files and configuration
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- Rotate backups (keep 7 daily, 4 weekly, 12 monthly)
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- Test backup restoration procedures regularly
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- Store backups in separate location/drive
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**Auto-Update:**
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- Use SteamCMD for automatic server updates (Steam games)
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- Schedule updates during low-traffic periods
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- Backup before applying updates
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- Monitor for update announcements and patch notes
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**Monitoring:**
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- Server performance monitoring (CPU, memory, network)
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- Player connection logs and statistics
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- Error log monitoring and alerting
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- Uptime tracking and availability reporting
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## Troubleshooting (game-specific)
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**"java.lang.OutOfMemoryError"**
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- **Cause**: Insufficient heap memory allocation
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- **Fix**: Increase `-Xmx` parameter (e.g., `-Xmx8G` for 8GB), monitor memory usage
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**"Can't keep up! Skipping ticks"**
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- **Cause**: Server overload, too many entities, or inefficient plugins
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- **Fix**: Reduce entity limits, optimize plugins, increase server resources, use profiling tools
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**"Connection timed out"**
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- **Cause**: Firewall blocking port 25565 or server not responding
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- **Fix**: Open TCP port 25565, verify server is running, check network connectivity
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**"Plugin errors on startup"**
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- **Cause**: Incompatible plugin versions or missing dependencies
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- **Fix**: Update plugins to match server version, install required dependencies, check plugin logs
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**"World corruption/rollback"**
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- **Cause**: Improper server shutdown or storage issues
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- **Fix**: Use proper shutdown commands, implement regular backups, check disk health
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**"Low TPS (Ticks Per Second)"**
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- **Cause**: Server lag from heavy operations or overloaded chunks
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- **Fix**: Use performance monitoring plugins, limit chunk loading, optimize redstone contraptions
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