915 lines
24 KiB
HTML
915 lines
24 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
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<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 10.2.0" />
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<title>How to revert an existing commit</title>
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<style type="text/css">
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/* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
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/* Default font. */
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body {
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font-family: Georgia,serif;
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}
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/* Title font. */
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h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
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div.title, caption.title,
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thead, p.table.header,
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#toctitle,
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#author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
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#footer {
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font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
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}
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body {
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margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
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}
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a {
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color: blue;
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text-decoration: underline;
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}
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a:visited {
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color: fuchsia;
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}
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em {
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font-style: italic;
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color: navy;
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}
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strong {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #083194;
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}
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h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
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color: #527bbd;
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margin-top: 1.2em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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line-height: 1.3;
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}
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h1, h2, h3 {
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border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
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}
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h2 {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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}
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h3 {
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float: left;
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}
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h3 + * {
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clear: left;
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}
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h5 {
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font-size: 1.0em;
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}
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div.sectionbody {
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margin-left: 0;
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}
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hr {
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border: 1px solid silver;
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}
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p {
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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ul, ol, li > p {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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ul > li { color: #aaa; }
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ul > li > * { color: black; }
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.monospaced, code, pre {
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font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
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font-size: inherit;
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color: navy;
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padding: 0;
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margin: 0;
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}
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pre {
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white-space: pre-wrap;
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}
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#author {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-weight: bold;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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}
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#email {
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}
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#revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
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}
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#footer {
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font-size: small;
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border-top: 2px solid silver;
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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margin-top: 4.0em;
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}
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#footer-text {
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float: left;
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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#footer-badges {
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float: right;
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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#preamble {
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margin-top: 1.5em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
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div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
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div.admonitionblock {
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.admonitionblock {
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margin-top: 2.0em;
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margin-bottom: 2.0em;
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margin-right: 10%;
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color: #606060;
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}
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div.content { /* Block element content. */
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padding: 0;
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}
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/* Block element titles. */
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div.title, caption.title {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-weight: bold;
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text-align: left;
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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div.title + * {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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td div.title:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.content div.title:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.content + div.title {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.sidebarblock > div.content {
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background: #ffffee;
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border: 1px solid #dddddd;
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border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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div.listingblock > div.content {
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border: 1px solid #dddddd;
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border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
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background: #f8f8f8;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
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padding-left: 1.0em;
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margin-left: 1.0em;
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margin-right: 10%;
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border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
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color: #888;
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}
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div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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text-align: right;
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}
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div.verseblock > pre.content {
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font-family: inherit;
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font-size: inherit;
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}
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div.verseblock > div.attribution {
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padding-top: 0.75em;
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text-align: left;
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}
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/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
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div.verseblock + div.attribution {
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text-align: left;
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}
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div.admonitionblock .icon {
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vertical-align: top;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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font-weight: bold;
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text-decoration: underline;
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color: #527bbd;
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padding-right: 0.5em;
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}
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div.admonitionblock td.content {
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padding-left: 0.5em;
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border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
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}
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div.exampleblock > div.content {
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border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
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padding-left: 0.5em;
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}
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div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
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span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
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a.image:visited { color: white; }
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dl {
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margin-top: 0.8em;
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margin-bottom: 0.8em;
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}
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dt {
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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margin-bottom: 0;
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font-style: normal;
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color: navy;
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}
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dd > *:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.1em;
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}
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ul, ol {
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list-style-position: outside;
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}
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ol.arabic {
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list-style-type: decimal;
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}
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ol.loweralpha {
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list-style-type: lower-alpha;
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}
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ol.upperalpha {
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list-style-type: upper-alpha;
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}
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ol.lowerroman {
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list-style-type: lower-roman;
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}
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ol.upperroman {
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list-style-type: upper-roman;
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}
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div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
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div.compact p, div.compact p,
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div.compact div, div.compact div {
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margin-top: 0.1em;
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margin-bottom: 0.1em;
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}
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tfoot {
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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td > div.verse {
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white-space: pre;
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}
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div.hdlist {
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margin-top: 0.8em;
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margin-bottom: 0.8em;
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}
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div.hdlist tr {
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padding-bottom: 15px;
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}
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dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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td.hdlist1 {
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vertical-align: top;
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font-style: normal;
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padding-right: 0.8em;
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color: navy;
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}
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td.hdlist2 {
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vertical-align: top;
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}
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div.hdlist.compact tr {
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margin: 0;
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padding-bottom: 0;
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}
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.comment {
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background: yellow;
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}
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.footnote, .footnoteref {
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font-size: 0.8em;
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}
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span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
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vertical-align: super;
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}
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#footnotes {
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margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
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padding: 7px 0 0 0;
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}
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#footnotes div.footnote {
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margin: 0 0 5px 0;
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}
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#footnotes hr {
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border: none;
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border-top: 1px solid silver;
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height: 1px;
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text-align: left;
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margin-left: 0;
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width: 20%;
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min-width: 100px;
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}
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div.colist td {
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padding-right: 0.5em;
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padding-bottom: 0.3em;
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vertical-align: top;
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}
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div.colist td img {
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margin-top: 0.3em;
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}
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@media print {
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#footer-badges { display: none; }
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}
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#toc {
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margin-bottom: 2.5em;
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}
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#toctitle {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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font-weight: bold;
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 0.1em;
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}
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div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
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margin-top: 0;
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margin-bottom: 0;
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}
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div.toclevel2 {
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margin-left: 2em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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div.toclevel3 {
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margin-left: 4em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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div.toclevel4 {
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margin-left: 6em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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span.aqua { color: aqua; }
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span.black { color: black; }
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span.blue { color: blue; }
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span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
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span.gray { color: gray; }
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span.green { color: green; }
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span.lime { color: lime; }
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span.maroon { color: maroon; }
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span.navy { color: navy; }
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span.olive { color: olive; }
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span.purple { color: purple; }
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span.red { color: red; }
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span.silver { color: silver; }
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span.teal { color: teal; }
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span.white { color: white; }
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span.yellow { color: yellow; }
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span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
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span.black-background { background: black; }
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span.blue-background { background: blue; }
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span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
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span.gray-background { background: gray; }
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span.green-background { background: green; }
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span.lime-background { background: lime; }
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span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
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span.navy-background { background: navy; }
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span.olive-background { background: olive; }
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span.purple-background { background: purple; }
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span.red-background { background: red; }
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span.silver-background { background: silver; }
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span.teal-background { background: teal; }
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span.white-background { background: white; }
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span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
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span.big { font-size: 2em; }
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span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
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span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
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span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
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span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
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div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
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/*
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* xhtml11 specific
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*
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* */
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div.tableblock {
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.tableblock > table {
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border: 3px solid #527bbd;
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}
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thead, p.table.header {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #527bbd;
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}
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p.table {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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/* Because the table frame attribute is overridden by CSS in most browsers. */
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div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
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border-style: none;
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}
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div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
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border-left-style: none;
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border-right-style: none;
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}
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div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
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border-top-style: none;
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border-bottom-style: none;
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}
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/*
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* html5 specific
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*
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* */
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table.tableblock {
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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thead, p.tableblock.header {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #527bbd;
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}
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p.tableblock {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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table.tableblock {
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border-width: 3px;
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border-spacing: 0px;
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border-style: solid;
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border-color: #527bbd;
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border-collapse: collapse;
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}
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th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
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border-width: 1px;
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padding: 4px;
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border-style: solid;
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border-color: #527bbd;
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}
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table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
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border-left-style: hidden;
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border-right-style: hidden;
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}
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table.tableblock.frame-sides {
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border-top-style: hidden;
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border-bottom-style: hidden;
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}
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table.tableblock.frame-none {
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border-style: hidden;
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}
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th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
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text-align: left;
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}
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th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
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text-align: center;
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}
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th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
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text-align: right;
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}
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th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
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vertical-align: top;
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}
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th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
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vertical-align: middle;
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}
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th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
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vertical-align: bottom;
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}
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/*
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* manpage specific
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*
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* */
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body.manpage h1 {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
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border-top: 2px solid silver;
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border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
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}
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body.manpage h2 {
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border-style: none;
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}
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body.manpage div.sectionbody {
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margin-left: 3em;
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}
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@media print {
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body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
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}
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</style>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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/*<+'])');
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// Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
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// nodeIterator API would be a better technique but not supported by all
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// browsers).
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var iterate = function (el) {
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for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
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if (i.nodeType == 1 /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */) {
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var mo = re.exec(i.tagName);
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if (mo && (i.getAttribute("class") || i.getAttribute("className")) != "float") {
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result[result.length] = new TocEntry(i, getText(i), mo[1]-1);
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}
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iterate(i);
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}
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}
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}
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iterate(el);
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return result;
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}
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var toc = document.getElementById("toc");
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if (!toc) {
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return;
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}
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// Delete existing TOC entries in case we're reloading the TOC.
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var tocEntriesToRemove = [];
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var i;
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for (i = 0; i < toc.childNodes.length; i++) {
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var entry = toc.childNodes[i];
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if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div'
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&& entry.getAttribute("class")
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&& entry.getAttribute("class").match(/^toclevel/))
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tocEntriesToRemove.push(entry);
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}
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for (i = 0; i < tocEntriesToRemove.length; i++) {
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toc.removeChild(tocEntriesToRemove[i]);
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}
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// Rebuild TOC entries.
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var entries = tocEntries(document.getElementById("content"), toclevels);
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for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
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var entry = entries[i];
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if (entry.element.id == "")
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entry.element.id = "_toc_" + i;
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var a = document.createElement("a");
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</head>
|
|
<body class="article">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>How to revert an existing commit</h1>
|
|
<span id="revdate"></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div id="preamble">
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>One of the changes I pulled into the <em>master</em> branch turns out to
|
|
break building Git with GCC 2.95. While they were well-intentioned
|
|
portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also
|
|
important. Here is what I did to revert the change in the <em>master</em>
|
|
branch and to adjust the <em>seen</em> branch, using core Git tools and
|
|
barebone Porcelain.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>First, prepare a throw-away branch in case I screw things up.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git checkout -b revert-c99 master</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Now I am on the <em>revert-c99</em> branch. Let’s figure out which commit to
|
|
revert. I happen to know that the top of the <em>master</em> branch is a
|
|
merge, and its second parent (i.e. foreign commit I merged from) has
|
|
the change I would want to undo. Further I happen to know that that
|
|
merge introduced 5 commits or so:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git show-branch --more=4 master master^2 | head
|
|
* [master] Merge refs/heads/portable from http://www.cs.berkeley....
|
|
! [master^2] Replace C99 array initializers with code.
|
|
--
|
|
- [master] Merge refs/heads/portable from http://www.cs.berkeley....
|
|
*+ [master^2] Replace C99 array initializers with code.
|
|
*+ [master^2~1] Replace unsetenv() and setenv() with older putenv().
|
|
*+ [master^2~2] Include sys/time.h in daemon.c.
|
|
*+ [master^2~3] Fix ?: statements.
|
|
*+ [master^2~4] Replace zero-length array decls with [].
|
|
* [master~1] tutorial note about git branch</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>--more=4</em> above means "after we reach the merge base of refs,
|
|
show until we display four more common commits". That last commit
|
|
would have been where the "portable" branch was forked from the main
|
|
git.git repository, so this would show everything on both branches
|
|
since then. I just limited the output to the first handful using
|
|
<em>head</em>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Now I know <em>master^2~4</em> (pronounce it as "find the second parent of
|
|
the <em>master</em>, and then go four generations back following the first
|
|
parent") is the one I would want to revert. Since I also want to say
|
|
why I am reverting it, the <em>-n</em> flag is given to <em>git revert</em>. This
|
|
prevents it from actually making a commit, and instead <em>git revert</em>
|
|
leaves the commit log message it wanted to use in <em>.msg</em> file:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git revert -n master^2~4
|
|
$ cat .msg
|
|
Revert "Replace zero-length array decls with []."
|
|
|
|
This reverts 6c5f9baa3bc0d63e141e0afc23110205379905a4 commit.
|
|
$ git diff HEAD ;# to make sure what we are reverting makes sense.
|
|
$ make CC=gcc-2.95 clean test ;# make sure it fixed the breakage.
|
|
$ make clean test ;# make sure it did not cause other breakage.</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The reverted change makes sense (from reading the <em>diff</em> output), does
|
|
fix the problem (from <em>make CC=gcc-2.95</em> test), and does not cause new
|
|
breakage (from the last <em>make test</em>). I’m ready to commit:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git commit -a -s ;# read .msg into the log,
|
|
# and explain why I am reverting.</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>I could have screwed up in any of the above steps, but in the worst
|
|
case I could just have done <em>git checkout master</em> to start over.
|
|
Fortunately I did not have to; what I have in the current branch
|
|
<em>revert-c99</em> is what I want. So merge that back into <em>master</em>:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git checkout master
|
|
$ git merge revert-c99 ;# this should be a fast-forward
|
|
Updating from 10d781b9caa4f71495c7b34963bef137216f86a8 to e3a693c...
|
|
cache.h | 8 ++++----
|
|
commit.c | 2 +-
|
|
ls-files.c | 2 +-
|
|
receive-pack.c | 2 +-
|
|
server-info.c | 2 +-
|
|
5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>There is no need to redo the test at this point. We fast-forwarded
|
|
and we know <em>master</em> matches <em>revert-c99</em> exactly. In fact:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git diff master..revert-c99</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>says nothing.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then we rebase the <em>seen</em> branch as usual.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git checkout seen
|
|
$ git tag seen-anchor seen
|
|
$ git rebase master
|
|
* Applying: Redo "revert" using three-way merge machinery.
|
|
First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
|
|
* Applying: Remove git-apply-patch-script.
|
|
First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
|
|
Simple cherry-pick fails; trying Automatic cherry-pick.
|
|
Removing Documentation/git-apply-patch-script.txt
|
|
Removing git-apply-patch-script
|
|
* Applying: Document "git cherry-pick" and "git revert"
|
|
First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
|
|
* Applying: mailinfo and applymbox updates
|
|
First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
|
|
* Applying: Show commits in topo order and name all commits.
|
|
First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
|
|
* Applying: More documentation updates.
|
|
First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The temporary tag <em>seen-anchor</em> is me just being careful, in case <em>git
|
|
rebase</em> screws up. After this, I can do these for sanity check:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git diff seen-anchor..seen ;# make sure we got the master fix.
|
|
$ make CC=gcc-2.95 clean test ;# make sure it fixed the breakage.
|
|
$ make clean test ;# make sure it did not cause other breakage.</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Everything is in the good order. I do not need the temporary branch
|
|
or tag anymore, so remove them:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ rm -f .git/refs/tags/seen-anchor
|
|
$ git branch -d revert-c99</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>It was an emergency fix, so we might as well merge it into the
|
|
<em>release candidate</em> branch, although I expect the next release would
|
|
be some days off:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git checkout rc
|
|
$ git pull . master
|
|
Packing 0 objects
|
|
Unpacking 0 objects
|
|
|
|
* commit-ish: e3a693c... refs/heads/master from .
|
|
Trying to merge e3a693c... into 8c1f5f0... using 10d781b...
|
|
Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f
|
|
cache.h | 8 ++++----
|
|
commit.c | 2 +-
|
|
ls-files.c | 2 +-
|
|
receive-pack.c | 2 +-
|
|
server-info.c | 2 +-
|
|
5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>And the final repository status looks like this:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ git show-branch --more=1 master seen rc
|
|
! [master] Revert "Replace zero-length array decls with []."
|
|
! [seen] git-repack: Add option to repack all objects.
|
|
* [rc] Merge refs/heads/master from .
|
|
---
|
|
+ [seen] git-repack: Add option to repack all objects.
|
|
+ [seen~1] More documentation updates.
|
|
+ [seen~2] Show commits in topo order and name all commits.
|
|
+ [seen~3] mailinfo and applymbox updates
|
|
+ [seen~4] Document "git cherry-pick" and "git revert"
|
|
+ [seen~5] Remove git-apply-patch-script.
|
|
+ [seen~6] Redo "revert" using three-way merge machinery.
|
|
- [rc] Merge refs/heads/master from .
|
|
++* [master] Revert "Replace zero-length array decls with []."
|
|
- [rc~1] Merge refs/heads/master from .
|
|
... [master~1] Merge refs/heads/portable from http://www.cs.berkeley....</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated
|
|
2025-08-29 17:49:31 CEST
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</body>
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</html>
|